Surveillance In George Orwells 1984 - 1219 Words

Surveillance, or a close watch kept over someone or something for a specific purpose, features prominently in George Orwell’s dystopian novel 1984. The book follows Winston Smith, a middle-aged man who lives in the futuristic society of Oceania, where the government of the Party, under the leadership of Big Brother, maintains strict control of the people and prevents free thought through propaganda, censorship, and surveillance. Winston tries to think freely while evading detection and succeeds for a time in having an affair with his co-conspirator Julia, but the Party eventually captures and re-educates both of them. Surveillance has also become a controversial issue in today’s society, as Heather Kelly discusses in her article â€Å"After†¦show more content†¦The nearly ubiquitous presence of telescreens in urban Oceania creates a constant fear of scrutiny among those who secretly harbor negative thoughts against the Party, precluding most free expression of thought because of the certainty of harsh punishment. Next, Winston encounters a second type of surveillance when his neighbor Mrs Parsons’s children pretend to confront him as a traitor during his visit to their apartment. After returning home, Winston reflects: â€Å"[her children] would be watching her night and day for symptoms of unorthodoxy †¦ hardly a week passed in which the Times did not carry a paragraph describing how some eavesdropping little sneak †¦ had overheard some compromising remark and denounced his parents to the Thought Police† (26-27). The Party trains Oceanic children through organizations like the Spies to zealously obey and promote the Party and to actively watch for and report any wrongdoing, even if the offender is their parent. In this way, it twists the natural parent-child bond into a tool for surveillance, destroying the exchange of free speech within the home environment and discouraging any hope of passing the principle of f ree thought onto the next generation. Finally, Winston mentions a third form of surveillance later on when he travels to a secluded woodland to converse freely with Julia: â€Å"In general you could not assume that you wereShow MoreRelatedGovernment Surveillance And Totalitarianism In George Orwells 19841593 Words   |  7 PagesThe Correlation of Government Surveillance and Totalitarianism in 1984 During the production of 1984, author George Orwell never envisioned a tangible reality housing the society he constructed. He wrote the novel as a warning, a cautious exposà © showing those what could happen if society lost its sense of humanity; housed in a painfully relevant satire of totalitarian barbarism. In his novel 1984, George Orwell addresses the issue of government surveillance through his strategic use of point of viewRead MoreLiterary Context Of Dystopian Literature1746 Words   |  7 PagesZamyatin’s We, published in 1920 or even Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, published in 1932. However, it is in George Orwell’s 1984 that a truly horrific dystopian world is portrayed. Full of torture, misery, fear and repression, Orwell manages to manipulate and distort the idea of utopia and instead creates a place in which humans have no control over their own lives. The part of 1984, which is so compelling and interesting, is the fact that the people are living in a dystopian world without evenRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19841168 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell author of 1984 recently made it on Amazon’s list of â€Å"100 books to read before you die† for his widely read novel with thought provoking subjects like: the dangers of totalitarianism, physical control, psychological manipulation, manipulation of information and history, and technology. Through the themes in 1984, George Orwell demonstrates that a dystopian society created by totalitarian rule can infiltrate the minds of its citizens through various mediums. The famous novel falls intoRead More1984 By George Orwell1038 Words   |  5 Pages 1984 by George Orwell Brittany Beard Creative Writing 12/14/17 Abstract In this essay, I will use three sources to develop an answer to the question: â€Å"What relevance does Orwell’s text, 1984, written in 1948, have on today’s society?†. I will discuss today’s society’s use of words used in, 1984. The sources given are all relatable, but i have chosen these three, because I can give a better reasoning to how they are relatable. I must include Citations for all informationRead MoreA Literary Analysis Of 1984 By George Orwell721 Words   |  3 Pagesbook â€Å"1984 by George Orwell† it was written in 1948 as a thriller. Winston Smith is the main character of this story followed by two characters â€Å"Julia and O’Brien.† The book starts off with main character Winston being very frustrated with what is called the â€Å"Party† lead by a man named â€Å"Big Brother† hints the saying â€Å"big brother is watching you† from â€Å"George Orwells worst fear† stated by expres s.co.uk. the book takes you for a ride through what the author believes will happen by the year 1984 he statsRead MoreWe Are Living 1984 Today668 Words   |  3 PagesWe Are Living 1984 Today Today’s society is predicted as living in a world George Orwell envisioned in 1984. The system Orwell invented is compared to what the United States government is capable of doing. Government control of society is an essential subject due to the current mind set of the world today. In 1984, George Orwell represents how Big Brother is compared to today’s government, showing the consequences and dangers of a government with unlimited surveillance power. Big Brother isRead MoreEssay on Society’s Influence on 1984 and George Orwell1391 Words   |  6 PagesSociety’s Influence on 1984 and George Orwell To say I accept in an age like our own is to say that you accept concentration-camps, rubber truncheons, Hitler, Stalin, bombs, aeroplanes, tinned food, machine guns, putsches, purges, slogans, Bedaux belts, gas-masks, submarines, spies, provocateurs, press-censorship, secret prisons, aspirins, Hollywood films and political murder (Bookshelf I). Politics, society, economy, and war during the forties had a direct impact on life at the timeRead MoreGeneral Commentary of 1984 by George Orwell1514 Words   |  7 PagesCommentary of 1984 by George Orwell George Orwells dystopian (a fictional place where people lead dehumanized and fearful lives) vision of the year 1984, as depicted in what many consider to be his greatest novel, has entered the collective consciousness of the English-speaking world more completely than perhaps any other political text, whether fiction or nonfiction. No matter how far our contemporary world may seem from 1984s Oceania, any suggestion of government surveillance of its citizensRead MoreOppression and Dehumanization in George Orwells 1984 Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pages12 April 2012 Oppression and Dehumanization of Society in George Orwell’s 1984: The Manipulation of Technology, Language, Media and History George Orwell uses his novel 1984 to convey that human beings, as a species, are extremely susceptible to dehumanization and oppression in society. Orwell demonstrates how a government’s manipulation of technology, language, media, and history can oppress and degrade its citizens. In 1984 the political manipulation of technology oppresses the peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of 1984768 Words   |  4 PagesChloe Gould Ms. Melnychenko English 1/F 12 October 2017 George Orwells vision coming to life The world today is becoming a 21st century 1984. 1984 by George Orwell foreshadows similarity between technology, safety, and language in todays world as well as in the picture of 1984’ society. The made up idea of telescreens, memory holes, different language, and safety probation have become to simmare to the present world. In Orwells work conclusions can be drawn that he definitely was pointing

The Immigration Reform And Control Act - 1145 Words

In the present day United States, we face many disputes. One of the big issues is immigration. Although many oppose so it, the historical experience of legalization under the 1986 immigration reform and control act, has indicated that a comprehensive immigration reform would raise wages, increase consumption, create jobs, and generate additional tax revenue, therefore in actuality really beneficial to the to the U.S.(Hinojosa-Ojeda). The fact is that nearly all unauthorized migrants still eventually succeed in entering the U.S despite tens billions of dollars spent to reinforce borders, which has caused commotion(Hinojosa-Ojeda). Decisions taken by the government upon this issue have not been handled well. The economic analysis in†¦show more content†¦Easter European â€Å"majority† would be actually larger that the Hispanic minority if they didn’t recognize them as white (Immigration: A). Immigration by far has been beneficial to U.S. illegal immigrants is helping the American economy (Immigration is). Enforcement only policies perpetuate unauthorized migration and exert downward pressure on already low wages, and toward a â€Å"virtuous cycle† of worker empowerment in which legal status and labor rights exert upward pressure on wages (Hinojosa-Ojeda). Illegals work under wage. Federal agent’s raided 60 Walmart stores in 21 states rounded up more than 250 illegal immigrants who were janitors in 2003. Low skilled immigrants have helped drive down low end wages (Akst). A more forward looking approach that puts all workers on a legal, even footing offers opportunity for a costless stimulus to the local economy that improves fiscal balances in the short term and lays the foundation for robust , just and widespread growth (Hinojosa-Ojeda). Legalizing currently unauthorized immigration and creating flexible legal limits on future immigrating in the context of full labor rights would raise wages, increase consumption, cr eate jobs , and generate additional tax revenue and increased consumer purchasing power, which benefits the public treasury and the U.S. economic growing. When it comes to potential global power and influence, numbers can matter a great deal (Immigration: A).

Stem Cell Research Essay - 1001 Words

Stem cell research is a growing field and it has brought major changes to the medical field, and could bring many more. There is no way to say at this point what all could be done with stem cells. The more research and the more technology just gives stem cell research an opening with no end. What is a stem cell? A stem cell is a cell that is undifferentiated, which means it can develop into any type of cell. There are three places stem cells can be obtained. They can be obtained from adult cells, bone marrow cells, and embryonic cells. According to the article on the website for The National Institute of Health on Stem Cell Research, stem cell research has been going on since the 1950’s (http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics4.asp).†¦show more content†¦The second type of stem cell comes from bone marrow. Although extracting bone marrow stem cells results in some painful destruction of bone marrow, it is rich with stem cells. Obtaining stem cells from the periphe ral system does not damage the bone; however it does take longer to obtain the stem cells. In many cases time is an important factor which is why more adult stem cells are used rather than peripheral stem cells. The third type of stem cell is embryonic stem cells, and this is where the ethical concerns come in to play. The embryonic stem cells are extracted from an embryo before it has a chance to become differentiated. Although embryonic stem cells are some if the best stem cells to work with, because of where they come from, some people feel this crosses the line of ethics, because they feel the physicians are trying to play God. Physicians can also get stem cells from the umbilical cord. Some families have umbilical stem cells stored, just in case there is a need for them in the future. Since stem cells can be used in so many areas of medical treatment, it is ashamed that there is such a controversy over this. Stem cell research could be life changing or life saving because of al l the new things that can be done with stem cells. According to CBS News; body parts can now be manufacturedShow MoreRelatedStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1338 Words   |  6 Pages Stem Cells Stem cells are cells that are found throughout the human body. They reproduce over a long period of time without changing. Stem cells can produce specialized cells, such as brain, muscle or lung cells. Stem cells in the last few years have recently made a big debut because medical professionals have discovered so many unique qualities to stem cells. They are on the cutting edge of medicine because of all their uses and the qualities that make them so unique from any other cell in theRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells941 Words   |  4 PagesStem cells have the extraordinary power to develop into several body cell types during early growth and development. (Stem Cell Basics). Stem cells are either embryonic: from a human fetus, or somatic: from an adult (Stem Cell Basics).These cells can be used to rebuild body tissue, treat diseases, and even cure others. They can be more effective in treatment of illness than the common treatment, such as therapy or medication. Stem cells a re potentially more medically effective than traditional treatmentsRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1416 Words   |  6 PagesSTEM CELLS In this report, I mainly focused on Stem-Cells. You will read about Stem-Cells and its history from the moment this term was known. Also, you will know the Sources, properties, and the types of Stem-Cells. In addition, you will know some of the pros and cons researches about Stem-Cells. Stem-Cells are cells that have the ability to divide and multiply and renew itself. †¢ Sources of Stem-Cells: 1- The first source is Bone Marrow. 2- The second source isRead MoreStem Cells And Stem Cell Research1310 Words   |  6 Pagesnonspecialized cells which have the potential to create other types of specific cells in order to survive? Those cells are called Stem Cells and they are very crucial to develop organisms. Stem cell research is a subject that most people in the world have a different viewpoint on. Some view the issue of stem cell research and stem cell therapy as morally wrong and a crime against humanity, others view the study of stem cells as the next step in modern science (Reeve.) I think in some twisted way, stem cellRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1261 Words   |  6 Pagescure diseases. Now we have stem cell therapy. Stem cells promise future cures for many currently considered to be â€Å"incurable† diseases, but with more research, we can overcome the controversy surrounding this this topic and help people live longer, improve their quality of life, and save many many lives. To understand the big hype about stem cells, one must know what a stem cell is. Stem cells have specialized functions that have the potential to become any type of cell in the body. According toRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1416 Words   |  6 PagesDana Moua English IV 25 April 2016 Stem Cell Research What are stem cells? Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are found in multicellular organisms. The reason for scientist’s interest in stem cells is because of the possible applications of using them. These stem cells can be used to regrow organs/tissues. By using stem cells, scientists may be able to find cures for different cancers, certain genetic diseases, and different physical trauma damages. They can be used to treat a varietyRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells999 Words   |  4 PagesSTEM CELLS WORKING TO SPECIALIZE INTO CARDIAC CELLS Once the stem cells are delivered near the damaged areas of the heart, the regeneration of cardiac (heart) cells is possible. There is a lack of understanding on how or why specifically the stem cells turn into heart cells. â€Å"Recent studies indicated that the benefits associated with adult stem cell injection might come from paracrine effects, the effect of a nearby cell sending chemical and electrical signals to the stem cell, and not from myocardialRead MoreStem Research On Stem Cell Research1747 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 111-36 25 November 2014 Stem Cell Research Stem cell research has cultivated a new, miraculous study in the health field. The study has led to an increase in curing diseases over the past couple of decades. Before stem cell research, diseases were destroying and devastating lives continuously on end. With the use of stem cells in modern time, diseases are no longer taking control of lives. The innovation in biomedical technology, such as stem cell research, has greatly impacted the understandingRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1999 Words   |  8 Pagesregenerative medicine, commonly known as stem cell research. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells within the body that have the capability to specialize into any tissue. They are most commonly found in cord blood, bone marrow, organ donations, placenta, and embryos . Stem cells are seen by some as a new miracle treatment, encouraging many countries to invest in their research. The transfer of information, often shared through scientific reports and research, puts this topic in a highly internationalRead MoreStem Research On Stem Cell Research1271 Words   |  6 Pages! ! ! Stem Cells Research ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Jabaree Shipp English III NCVPS Mrs.Gallos 8, December 2014 ! ! ! ! ! ! Throughout most of our lifetime on Earth many have pondered the thought of how they and the things around them have been created. They wondered what makes grass grow to what makes themselves grow mentally and physically. Through extensive research and major advancements in technology over these years, decades, and centuries we still have no answer to our own questions. But, we do however

The Romantic Movement Of William Wordsworth And Samuel...

INTRODUCTION The Romantic Movement was introduced around1820 to America; this movement overlapped with the period of national development. Romantic philosophies looked at art as spiritual elements of nature and used metaphors as an inspiration. Nature was a significant theme for the duration of this period since supernatural things began in our imagination. Many sonnets were created using freedom of thought however these writings soon shifted to an imagination method (natural surroundings) from a structured method (surroundings) (add cite) During this era poets express their feelings for the love of poetry by conveying nature in their writings. Nature is considered an authoritative characteristic that motivates poets to write subjective poems that reflect on solidity and God. William Blake, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge were amongst the Romantic poets who published revolutionary Lyrical Ballads that illustrate the association of human relationships with nature (ADD CITE). According to (ADD SOURCE HERE), these famous poets were categorized by the transformation in their theme and writing style. They are recognized as First Generation Romantic poets because they have a tendency to emphasis on certain aspects of individuals, events and objects. Unlike, some Second Generation Romantic poets like Percy Bysshe Shelly and John Keats whose writing styles are center on the personification of individuals, events and objects. First generation poets use tangibleShow MoreRelatedPoetry and Poets of the Romantic Move ment1688 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Poetry in the Romantic Movement constituted an aspect of rebellion against the enlightenment principles as the poets of the time portrayed. The likes of William words worth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Williams Sister, Dorothy Wordsworth constituted some of such poets whose influence in the world of literature not only helped portray their relationship with nature and the world but also presented a form of relationship which existed between them and those close to them. As reflectedRead MoreSamuel Taylor Coleridge: English Poet Essay1111 Words   |  5 Pages Over the years great writers have influenced literature in many ways from Shakespeare to Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Coleridge was a groundbreaking poet whose idea of poetry remains the standard by which others in English are tried. He was notably responsible for new German demanding philosophy. His talks about imagination remain the component of institutional criticism. All the while his infrequent notations on language helped develop Cambridge English in the 1920s. He is described as a literaryRead MoreThe Rime Of The Ancient Mariner878 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Mariner is a poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Coleridge and his friend, William Wordsworth, put together a collection of their work called Lyrical Ballads. It contained Coleridge’s famous poem Rime of the Ancient Mariner. This collection is widely recognized as the initiation of the shift towards modern poetry and British Romantic literature. Although the poem’s deliberate use of a ntiquated language differed from romantic poetry’s use of modern language of the time, itRead MoreRomanticism : Romanticism And Romanticism1141 Words   |  5 Pageshave been many literary movements. Although Romanticism and Modernism differ in their styles, values, and ideology, they were both important periods in literature. Romanticism was a literary movement during the late 18th century until the early 19th century that had an emphasis on the imagination and emotions. The movement moved through every country in Europe, Latin America, and the United States from approximately 1750 to 1870. However, France did not see the movement until the 1820’s. RomanticismRead MoreThe Concept of the Individual in Literature of the Romantic Period1762 Words   |  8 Pagesliterature of the Romantic period influenced the genre, and in particular how this was a response to the rationalization of nature and neglect of the individual upheld by the Enlightenment Movement. In order to demonstrate this, a close analysis of some poetic works by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth and William Blake will be examined. The Romantic period placed great importance on creativity, imagination and the value of the self, Wordsworth and Coleridge were particularly influentialRead More Samuel Taylor Coleridges Life and Achievements1007 Words   |  5 PagesWhat defines a poet? Samuel Taylor Coleridge was one with a brilliant mind whose talent for poetry went beyond the ordinary. Poets, such as Coleridge, were described as delusional artist whose poems were hard to grasp by the common man. Samuel Taylor Coleridge was a complex lyricist, convoluted philosopher, but most importantly, he was human. As stated, â€Å"Coleridge achievements have been given more widely varying assessments than that of any other English literary artist† (Leonard 15). Coleridge’sRead MoreThe Romantic Period : An Explosion Of Artistic Energy From 1790-1820 Essay1160 Words   |  5 PagesThe Romantic Period was an explosion of artistic energy from 1790-1820, which began in Germany and quickly spread to the United States, almost all of Europe, and Latin America. Those in this time idealized nature and embr aced the uncivilized, and imagination was a key component to their writing. Steven Kreis, author for The History Guide writes, â€Å"†¦one power possessed by the Romantic†¦was imagination†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kreis 1). The idea was the rejection of the Enlightenment and the acceptance of individuality andRead MoreRomanticism And Its Influence On Our Own Era1250 Words   |  5 Pages Romanticism was a specific, complex, widespread movement in thought and culture. It continues to have a huge influence on our own era’s poetry, novels, songs, films and sometimes our entire philosophy of what life is about. This kind of Romantic is always written with a capital â€Å"R†- don’t confuse it with the the narrower, Hollywood style, small ’r’ idea of romantic† that means related to being in love! Romantic (capital ‘R’) thoughts and values are something different and further-reaching. RomanticismRead MoreOde Of Man And Nature By William Wordsworth And Samuel Taylor Coleridge974 Words   |  4 PagesOde to Man and Nature Romanticism was a movement in the arts that flourished in Europe and America throughout much of the 19th century from the period of the French revolution in 1789. The writers of the Romantic era admired nature and celebrated the divinity of creation. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge were the two great poets of the Romantic period and it was the effort that they put together that created some of the greatest works romantic in poetry during the nineteenth centuryRead MoreRomanticism1649 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism in the Nineteenth Century The Romantic period followed the era of logical, philosophical, and social movement in the 17th to 18th century. However, as the 19th century began, Romanticism came into the light with a new perspective that intrigued the people. It stressed emphasis on emotions and imagination while also helping to realize the importance of self-expression. The American Romanticism movement illustrated inspiration, bias and predominance of individuals in the nineteenth century

Body Shop Proposal Free Essays

Proposal Outline (4%) Proposition Statement:____________________________________________ This proposal aims to produce a 4-as campaign in Seventeen to promote The Body Shop Bath body products to audiences aged 15 – 19. P1: Proposition (2 paras) I. The Body Shop is currently lacking in advertisement directed towards teenagers even though sales would be greatly boosted if they can manage to appeal to them. We will write a custom essay sample on Body Shop Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now A. This is because they choose to focus on targeting working adults which is leaned towards a mature image and does not appeals to teens. B. They will lose the potential to increase their sales volume if this continues. II. There are three main possible themes that we would like to propose. A. Firstly, â€Å"Fire† will be emphasising on the strong yet feminine aspects of the product. B. Secondly, â€Å"Earth† will bring attention on the environmentally-friendly nature of the products C. And lastly, the â€Å"Air† theme showcases the comfort level of the products. D. This is a proposal for an advertisement spread in Seventeen selling The Body Shop Bath Body products. ?There is a choice of three themes for the campaign, â€Å"Fire†, â€Å"Earth†, and â€Å"Water†. The recommended products for the 4-ad campaign are to be bath shower gel, body lotion, body butter, and body scrub. P2: Potential (3 paras) I. The Body Shop is currently lacking of advertisement directed to teenagers. A. For a cosmetics retail company, The Body Shop noticeably lacks of photographs of models with beautiful hair and perfect skin, which would attract attention of teenagers. B. Currently, The Body Shop is targeting working adults and the advertisement that they made is leaned more towards a mature image. This image does not appeal to teenagers. II. The Body Shop does not appeal to teenagers and in doing so, it loses a huge number of potential customers. A. Teenagers are not attracted to The Body Shop because of a lack of celebrity representation. B. With the lack of advertisement, targeted audience will not be encourage to trial purchase, brand switch and develop brand loyalty towards The Body Shop. III. Sales would be greatly boosted if The Body Shop were able to appeal to teenagers. A. The Body Shop will be able to maximise it’s profits because Singaporeans teenagers aged 15-19 are very willing to spend money on body products. B. Products such as body products could easily allow the consumer to develop brand loyalty towards the brand because they would have develop a habit for using our brand’s product. This results in repeated purchases and promotes sales in long term. P3: Possibilities (3 paras) I. The first theme, â€Å"Fire† theme will emphasize the strong yet feminine aspects of the product. A. â€Å"Fire† will pitch the products in a sexy yet elegant way, appealing to girls who want to be seen as confident and independent women. B. For example, in the Body butter advertisement, we can feature a model clad in only lingerie and high heels and applying body butter on her body. This would suggest that one would feel confident with their body after using our products. The main colour of this advertisement will be red, black and white to give off a Parisian feel, which represents elegance, yet at the same time emphasizes on the fiery and bold aspects of the theme. II. The second theme, â€Å"Earth† will focus attention on the environmentally friendly nature of the products. A. Products would come across as environmental and relaxing under the â€Å"Earth† theme and would appeal to both males and females because it makes them feel comfortable. B. The advertisement for bath shower gel portray a model unwinding in a bathtub full of soapy water, implying that she had just used the product and suggest that one would feel relaxed after using the product. The background of this advertisement could be a natural setting filled with trees and plants to emphasize on the nature aspects of the theme. III. The third theme, the â€Å"Air† theme, will showcase the comfort level of the products. A. Under the â€Å"Air† theme, products would be pitch as simple yet lasting comfort, appealing to both genders because of the theme’s purity and freshness. B. One example of a body lotion advertisement under the â€Å"Air† theme is to do a compare and contrast of a model who applied the body lotion in the morning and the same model looking energetic and fresh at night to represent the lasting effects and the comfort level can be seen through the model’s cheerful appearance. The advertisement would be in pastel colours to emphasize on the theme’s purity. P4: Proposal (3 paras) I. We have decided to go with the â€Å"Earth† theme because it highlights the key feature of our product and will be effective in attracting our target audience’s interest. A. The Body Shop unique selling point is being environmentally friendly and it is also what the audience associate The Body Shop with. By going along with this theme, audience are able to identify The Body Shop because our concept will be consistent. B. B. Our target audience have a very hectic lifestyle and by portraying a product, which comes across as relaxing to them is a very feasible idea because it is what the target audience need and that is also what they are looking for. This will thus increase sales of the products. II. We have rejected the â€Å"Fire† theme because it doesn’t specifically appeals to our target audiences. A. The â€Å"Fire† theme might seem over-mature to our target audiences and they would not want to be associated with such image. B. The â€Å"Fire† theme might also be inappropriate and clashes with The Body Shop image because The Body Shop has always emphasize that beauty can be achieve even without baring a lot of skin. II. We have also rejected the â€Å"Air† theme because it’s concept is very common in Body products. A. The concept of comfort in a body product is not unique and thus, would not be effective in attracting the targeted audience as it doesn’t stand out. B. Audiences are easily able to find cheaper alternatives with the same benefits. *Total number of paras: 11 (do not create any more paragraphs†¦ it’s 11, no more, no fewer) How to cite Body Shop Proposal, Essay examples

Constructive Capitalization Operate Leases -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Constructive Capitalization Operate Leases? Answer: Introduction The main purpose of this report is to analyze two companys financial report which belong two different industries. The companies which are selected for this report are Sirtex Medical ltd and Altech Chemical ltd. The report will also be analyzing specific areas of the financial statement and a comparison will be made between the two companies. Overview Sirtex Medical Limited is an Australian company which is engaged in providing medical treatment to the society. The company also provides medical services to the society and treats patients. The company specializes in radioactive treatment for inoperable liver cancer. The company has its headquarter situated in Australia and the company was established in 1997. (Sirtex.com 2018). The other company which is selected for this assignment is Altech Chemical Ltd which has its headquarters in Australia and it is also listed in the Australian stock exchange (Altechchemicals.com, 2018). The company is engaged in providing material and supply of minerals. The company specializes in the production of alumina. The company is engaged in exploration and mining activities. Concept Leasing is the process of financing which is used by the companies in day to day business. In a lease agreement, the lessor gives the right to use the property of the lessor to an individual who is known as lessee for a certain rate of interest. Nowadays lease agreement are used by businesses extensively for business purposes. The application of leases are more prominently used in airline industry, retail industry and shipping industries (Schallheim, Wells and Whitby 2013). Some of the airline business are also in the business of leasing the aircraft which is used in the business. Generally leases are of two types operating leases and financial leases. Operating leases is the lease which is of a short term basis and which is used by businesses to acquire equipment on short term basis. Generally the useful life of the asset acquired in an operating lease is more than the term of use of the lease. As per the previous standard on leasing operating leases were not disclosed and represent ed in the balance sheet of the company. Financial leases are more frequently used in business where assets are brought by the lessor in order to finance theses to the lessee for a certain rate of interest. Financial leases are recorded in the financial reports of the business. Company Analysis of Leases As per the balance sheet of Sirtex Medical ltd, the terms of leases of the company are that the lease payments for operating leases, where all the risks and benefits remain with the lessor and charged as expenses in the period in which such expenses are incurred. All leases are recognized as a liability and amortised accordingly on the straight line basis as per the policy of the company. Sirtex Medical ltd has recently replaced AASB 117 with the new lease standard AASB 16 which recognizes all leases as liability and are accounted for on balance sheet, other than short term and low value leases. The new lease standard provides new effect on the definition, application, sales and back accounting of lease transactions (Cornaggia, Franzen and Simin 2012). The new standard also requires proper disclosures of the same in the annual reports of the company. As the management has implemented the new AASB 16 currently so the effect on the financial report is not ascertained completely. Howeve r the management expects the following changes will take place: Significant increase in the leases assets and financial liabilities in the balance sheet. The value of lease assets will decrease more quickly than lease liabilities due to the effect of reported equity EBIT as shown in the profit and loss account will be higher as former leases interest will all be part of the finance cost of the business. The consolidated balance sheet shows that the company has leases in Sydney, Singapore, Germany and also in United States. The duration and the remaining useful life of such leases are shown in the figure below: As per the annual report of Altech Chemical ltd for 2016, shows that the company has leases in the financial statements. As per the companys policy such leases are recognized as operating or financial leases based on the economic substance of the lease which reflect the risk and benefits associated with that particular lease. The company policy is to recognize the leases as per the old standard of the company and apply straight line method of amortization on such leases. The company plans to introduce AASB 16 from 1st January 2019, till then the old standard will be used in order to recognize leases. As per the management of Altech Chemical ltd AASB 16 will introduce change in the management by not differentiating operating and financial leases from each other. The management of the company is of the view that the new standards implementation will be affecting the Groups financial statement but the exact estimate of impact is not possible to predict. As per the annual reports of the company for 2016, the company holds various mineral leases which they can use for exploration. The company is in the production of minerals and production of alumina. Literature Review As per studies show that as per the old standard on leases there are two types of leases which are recognized. One is the capital leases or finance lease which is shown in the financial statements and another is off balance sheet leases which are operating leases which are not recorded in the balance sheet of the company (Altamuro et al. 2014). In an article it is shown that a large number of business uses off balance sheet leases or operating leases in order to strengthen their balance sheet as the level of debts are not shown in such a balance sheet. Various time series data show such similar results (Cornaggia, Franzen and Simin 2012). Another study which was conducted on Hong Kong fast food industry shows the problem of implementation of the new standard of leasing. The lease was introduced by IASB in order to tackle the problems which the previous standard faced. The other aim was to ensure that the financial statements reflect true economic reality of the company (Tai 2013). A recent study shows that a research was conducted on how much amount of operating leases companies uses in order to finance their activities. The research was conducted on the top 40 JSE listed companies. The aim of the research is to show how the new standard on leases will impact such companies (De Villiers and Middelberg 2013). An investigation was undertaken to the effect of capitalizing operating leaseson firms immediacy to their debt covenant violations. The results of analysis show that the US companies uses such leases as instruments for generating capitalization in the companies (Lee, Paik and Yoon 2014). Measures and Findings As per the analysis of the above area on the lease of both the companies the following recommendations can be suggested which are given below: Sirtex Medical Limited has implemented the new standard AASB 16 which records all kinds of leases, however Altech Chemical has not yet implemented the new standard and therefore the company should implement the new standard as soon as possible earlier than 2019. The operating leases of Sirtex limited is much more as compared to Altech limited which can be reduced as with the implementation of the new standard the cost of the company will also be increasing. Both company uses straight line of amortization of such leases Earning per share is that portion of profit which can be attributed to each and every issued share capital of the company. In other words Earning per share(EPS) is the amount of profit per share which the investors of the company receives as dividends. As per the formula EPS is calculated by dividing Profit after tax (PAT) by the total number of shareholders of the company. a company which has high EPS is capable to provide dividends to the public or it can use this profits as retained earnings and reinvest in the business for the further growth of the business (Zeitun and Tian 2014). This is also a measure for profitability of the company. many investors use this EPS of a company to marketing decisions whether to invest, retain or sell the shares of the company. The EPS of the company is shown in the financial report of the company. EPS is shown in two parts Basic EPS and Diluted EPS. Basic EPS is the amount of profit which is available for the common shareholders of the company dur ing a reporting period whereas Diluted EPS considers the convertible shares also. These convertible shares of the company consist of preferred shares, convertible debentures, stock options. Company Analysis of EPS As per the analysis of the Sirtex Medical Limiteds financial report, the company has a growing EPS. The company has been targeting the earing per shares growth as the target of the company. The growing rate of Earning per share of the company will definitely be improving the performance of the group. Increasing earning per shares reflect that the company has increasing returns on the capital which was contributed by the shareholders. The basic earning per share of the company is 93.7 cents which has increased from the previous year eps which was 71.4 which shows the growth of the company in terms of EPS. As per the balance sheet of Altech Chemical ltd, the EPS of the company is subdivided in basic and diluted EPS. The basic earning per shares is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of the company. The diluted earning per share is calculated by dividing net loss by weighted average number of shares and also dilutive potential shares. The basic EPS of the company is in negative figure .0008 which has slightly improved from the previous year figure. While analyzing the EPS of both the companies it is easily depicted that the EPS of the Sirtex ltd is much better than the EPS of Altech ltd. The basic reason for this is the Altech ltd has incurred a loss in the year 2016 as well as 2015, thus the EPS depicts a negative figure. The Eps of any company is a performance indicator of the company which the investors consider in the business. It is also an indicator for the investors whether to invest in the stocks or not. Thus investors and stock brokers consider the Eps of the company which has a growing Eps rate in order to invest in them (Sumangala 2012). Earning per share of any company is considered to be an important factor in order to determine the share price and value of the firm. Recent studies show that most of the investors take their decisions about investing in a stock on the basis of the EPS which the company has acquired (Islam et al. 2014). Any company is required to show the Eps of the company in the financial statements. The earning per share is divided into basic Eps and Diluted Eps (Jorgensen, Lee and Rock 2014). Earning per share is that portion of profit which can be attributed to each and every issued share capital of the company. In other words Earning per share(EPS) is the amount of pro fit per share which the investors of the company receives as dividends. As per the formula EPS is calculated by dividing Profit after tax (PAT) by the total number of shareholders of the company (Bonaim 2012). Measures and Findings As per the analysis of the above area on the earning per share of both the companies the following recommendations which can be provided are for Altech Chemical ltd. The company needs to improve their earning per share as this is an important indicator of how the company is performing. In addition to this the company needs strategies which can result in growth rates of Eps like Sirtex ltd. The liabilities of the company include the current and non current liabilities as per the balance sheet. The current liabilities consist of all the liabilities which have to be paid off with in a period of one year or even less such as trade payables and the non current liabilities includes liabilities which are of long term nature such as long term debts. Trade payables or the creditors which gives money or supplies to the company for credit (Kapan and Minoiu 2013). Long term debts on the other hand are also credits which the business takes for a longer period say 4 to 5 years or even longer. Company Analysis As per the financial statement of Sirtex Medical Limited, the company has current liabilities which includes trade payables and others, current tax liabilities and provisions. The total of trade payables and others show a figure of $28090000 for the year 2016. The break up of trade payable is $16296000 and the other payable as shown in the notes of accounts is $11794000. Then comes the current tax liabilities of the business which refers to the liabilities which relates to income tax of the company. The current tax liability of the company as per the financial statement of 2016 shows $7239000. The provision refers to the amount which is kept aisde keeping in mind for some future loss or expenses which the company might have to incur in near future. The provisions are both of short term nature and long term nature. The short term provisions of the company includes provisions for long service leaves, provision for clinical studies, provision for legal settlements and miscellaneous prov isions. The figure of the provision show a figure of $7009000 which is the total of the above mentioned provisions. The long term provisions of the company shows that the provisions amount is $1153000 as shown in the notes to accounts of the company. As per the balance sheet of Altech Chemical ltd, the liabilities section of the balance sheet shows that the company has only current liabilities in the balance sheet. The current liabilities of the company consist of trade and other payables, loan which is short term in nature and provisions. The current payables of the company show an amount of $348326 which is almost twice of the figure which was shown as trade and other payables in previous year. Trade and other payables is a combination of trade creditors, PAYG payables and other creditors of the company. The figure of provisions which is made up of provision for annual leave is shown at the amount of $62672 in the notes to accounts. The loan of the company which was $815000 which was at 8.15% interest rate in 2015 has been converted into fully paid ordinary shares of the company resulting in the issue of 13813565 shares of the company. Liabilities are shown in the balance sheet of the company which will always match with the asset side total of the balance sheet as per the double entry system. In a recent study it is shown how banks effectively maintain and manage their liabilities (Kreicher, McCauley and McGuire 2013). A study shows the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on companys trade payables. The impact of a financial crisis on the company performance was significant. In such a situation the availability to get credit from business becomes more and more difficult. The financial crisis had a negative impact on the performance of the company. However this impact was lower for firms which had trade payables in the balance sheet during the pre crisis period (Kestens, Van Cauwenberge and Bauwhede 2012). Another journal on banking and finance states that some of the business uses trade payables and trade receivables strategically in business to gain a competitive advantage for the business. If proper control on t rade payable and trade receivables are maintained than the business can attain growth by the use of such resources (Ferrando and Mulier 2013). A study shows that the bank sectors during a sample were subjected to different accounting rules with respect to provision less loans (Bushman and Williams 2012). Another journal shows the accounting for financial instruments which are used by businesses in respect to loan. As per the FAS these accounting for loans are done with the help of this standard (Ryan 2012). Measures and Findings As per the analysis of the balance sheet of both the companies the following measures can be suggested to the both the companies. Sirtex Medical Limited has both current liabilities and non current liabilities. The company has recorded various types of provisions in the balance sheet which relates to the activities of the business. The company has long term loans in the business. Then comes the current tax liabilities of the business which refers to the liabilities which relates to income tax of the company. The company needs to control the trade payables of the business and ensure these does not exceeds benefits associated with it. As per the balance sheet of the Altech Chemicals ltd, the company does not have any non current liabilities which is quite understandable as the company is trying to avoid risks which non current liabilities of the company bring into the equations. The current liabilities of the company consist of trade payables and provisions. A loan which was taken by the company in the year 2015 of $815000 was converted into equity share capital by the business. The company is trying to avoid the risks and getting into profit ways again as the business has been earning losses from two years that is 2016 and 2015. The company needs to control of the trade Intangible assets refer to the fictitious assets of the company which are shown in the balance sheet of the business. In other words the assets of the company which are intangible in nature are known as intangible assets. These types of assets of the company includes Goodwill, trademarks, patents and copyrights. Goodwill refers to the investments which the business undertakes in order to get some future benefits of the company. Goodwill are of two types internal goodwill and purchased goodwill which the companies purchases. Patents refers to the technological know how which the business may possess. The trade marks and copyrights refer to the business marks and product rights which the company has acquired for the business or developed the same. As per the analysis of the Sirtex Medical ltd, the company has certain intangible assets already in the balance sheet. the company during the year has generated internal intangible assets which is expenditure on a research phase of the project which are capitalized by the company. Development costs and certain clinical trial costs have been capitalised to the extent they satisfy the recognition criteria for internally generated intangible assets. The Group uses its judgment in continually assessing whether development expenditure meet the recognition criteria of an intangible asset. The company consist of the following intangible assets which are intellectual property, internally generated asset, software and assets work in progress. The following intangible assets are also subjected to amortization. The intangible assets of the company consist of software which is shown at cost which is subjected to amortization which will give the net figure of $2399000. The internally generated in tangibles is valued at $76153000 in 2016 and the company shows its intellectual property at $151000. The total intangibles assets of the company is shown at $68027000 and there has been certain additions which were made to intangible assets and a certain part of the intangible assets were amortised which gave a net figure of intangible assets of $82821000. As per the balance sheet of Altech Chemical ltd, the company does not have any intangible assets in the balance sheet of the company. The balance sheet of the company does not show any intangible assets. An article aims at supporting the management in the strategic planning of investments on critical value drivers, taking into consideration their impact on competitive advantage and the cumulative investments made on them. As investment of the company increase there is a high probability that the companys reputation and goodwill of the company will also increase (Greco, Cricelli, and Grimaldi 2013). Another article shows how effective management of intangible assets can help leading Russian food retail business to gain competitive advantage in the business. If the intangible assets of the company are used in an effective manner than the company make a brand name and also earn goodwill for the business as shown in the case of the Russian leading food retail business (Ivanov and Mayorova 2015). Intangible assets refer to the fictitious assets of the company which are shown in the balance sheet of the business. In other words the assets of the company which are intangible in nature are known as intangible assets. These types of assets of the company includes Goodwill, tra demarks, patents and copyrights (Andrews and De Serres 2012). A study shows the value and effects of changes in goodwill accounting in a European environment. International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 3 substituted accounting rules that emphasized goodwill amortization which will then be keeping the balances of the goodwill low. Goodwill accounting under IFRS 3 largely relies on manager fair value estimates of acquired company. Using data of Sweden, we show that goodwill amortizations were not value-relevant prior to the adoption of IFRS 3. However, impairments reported in addition to amortization were significantly related to stock returns during that period (Hamberg and Beisland 2014). Measures and Findings As per the analysis of the financial reports of both the countries, Sirtex Medical Ltd has intangible assets in the balance sheet which are either internally generated or purchased by the company. The company consist of the following intangible assets which are intellectual property, internally generated asset, software and assets work in progress. Development costs and certain clinical trial costs have been capitalised to the extent they satisfy the recognition criteria for internally generated intangible assets and such has been developed by the business as internally generated goodwill of the company. in comparison to this the company Altech Chemical Limited doe not have any intangible assets as the balance sheet of the company does not show any such assets. The company Altech ltd needs to generate a goodwill for the business as this is also an indicator whether the firm is looking from a future perspective or not. Conclusion The report considers the annual financial reports of two companies which are Sirtex Medical ltd and Altech Chemical ltd. 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