Community Health Advocacy Essay

The aspects of community and aggregate are closely connected and people tend to use the terms interchangeably. The best way to explain the difference between the two concepts is by examples to differentiate and get a clearer understanding of the difference between the two concepts. This paper will define aggregate and community giving a brief support from current literature. The paper will also examine and give the differences between the two terms plus describe and identify the chosen aggregate based on the health issue of heart disease. The Christoffel’s three stages of a conceptual framework for advocacy will be described. Then each stage as an aggregate selected is described. Community and Aggregate Terms Defines In community health care nursing, aggregate is defined as the whole population, which is being used to describe a given environment. The term aggregate is used to refer or define a group of people in a society who are believed to have similar or common problems and challenges in their life. These people should share similar characteristics and also they should be living in the same area. The group which is to be described should be suffering from the same medical or health care problem and should be in search of similar medication or health care services. Aggregate in nursing setting literally is defined as the entire, whole, or the sum of a given group with similar problems, (Nies & McEwen, 2010). Differences Between Aggregate and Community There are those people who use the term community when referring to aggregate. Aggregate and community are two different concepts but are closely connected. Community in nursing health care setting is used to refer to the general population in a given area. A community is the entire  population that includes the sick and healthy population. When discussing about the aggregate, we refer to the population, which is experiencing a health condition along with those who are responsible of taking care of the group that are sick. The entire population that comprise of healthy and sick in the society is referred to as the community, (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2009). Identified Aggregate and Description as a health Issue There are those people who use the term community and the term aggregate to refer to the same thing or to mean something the same. There stand significant differences between the term community and the term aggregate. When we talk of aggregate, we are referring to a population, which has similar medical problems or challenges and live in the same region or geographical area. For the community, it’s the general population that involves the sick and those who are not sick. In this case, Adults suffering from heart disease in Illinois is an aggregate population that is used to define the current health care challenges. In the state of Illinois, specifically the Sangamon county community, evidence shows that heart disease is the number one reason for death of adults in the entire state of Illinois and in Sangamon county (Illinois Department of Public Health [IDPH], 2010). Christoffel’s Three Stages of a Conceptual Framework for Advocacy Christoffel’s three stages for advocacy include information, strategy, and action. The stages take place concurrently. The first stage, information, includes naming, describing, and measuring the public health problem. The second stage, strategy, involves using the information in the first stage to develop a plan of action for the promotion of public health. The stage includes. This stage involves the communication of information to the public and health care professionals. Groups can then be assembled to focus on the issue and plan needed changes. Strategies can include public education messages, campaigns, and press conferences. This action may involve fund raising, persuading individuals to change their lives, and legislation involvement. To achieve action, changes in mindsets, behaviors, and resource provision. Public health advocacy transpires at two levels: the individual/family level and in the larger community level (Christoffel,  2000). Advocacy that focuses on the interpersonal or intrapersonal level is frequently referred to as patient advocacy. Patient advocacy involves any â€Å"activity that benefits a patient† (Torrey, 2010). It can apply individual patient care, groups that develop policies, and legislation changes to improve the health care system for patients. There are many examples of patient advocacy organizations, which include government groups such as the Center for Disease Control, American Heart Association, and individual patient advocates who act as healthcare assistants (Torrey, 2010). Applying Each Stage as an advocate for the Aggregate The first stage in the Christoffel’s advocacy framework talks about the information factor. The information names, describes, and measures the public health problem. When discussing the issue of heart disease. This stage can be used to describe the disease process, the risk factors involved, and it’s complications. During this stage, the private sector or the government sector get involved so as to develop the research needed that can be used to measure the public health problem. Evidence shows that this stage is relevant simply because it assists develop all statistical information and results that are suitable in order to address the advocacy challenge. The first stage in Christoffel’s advocacy framework is to develop a research on heart disease within the society. This stage will help develop relevant information on the mortality rate related to heart disease and/or its complications (Christoffel, 2000). The second stage in Christoffel’s advocacy framework is the stage of strategy. Having collected relevant information about the problem of health care issue, the second stage helps work on the information so as to understand the problem completely. In this stage, the central idea is to get results that will help come up with some strategies on how to approach the health problem. Experts in respective fields translate the research findings so that proper results are developed to develop a plan of action (Christoffel, 2011). The third stage in Christoffel’s advocacy framework is the stage of action. Strategies, which are developed in the second stage on how to handle the  health issue are implemented and monitored in the final stage of Christoffel’s advocacy framework (Christoffel, 2011). It is alleged that when strategies in stage two are implemented and monitored they provide the best results in respect to the health care environment, (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2009). Public health messages on the news and posters can help educate the community about heart disease. There are also local physicians who provide free learning seminars on specific diseases. Raising funds to help with campaign measures can also be implemented during this stage. Legislation can be educated on the health issue to convince policy makers to get involved. The main part of this stage is action. The goal is to influence people to change specific habits that will reduce the risk of developing heart disease. Conclusion The aspects of community and aggregate are closely connected, and in most cases a lot of people tend to use them interchangeably. These two terms are used interchangeably, but they have different meanings. There are those people who use the term community and the term aggregate to refer to the same thing or to mean something the same. There stand significant differences between the term community and the term aggregate. Aggregate is the populations that has similar health problems and are seeking similar health care services, but the community is the entire population that carries the sick and the healthy. The use of Christoffel’s advocacy framework helps solve a problem in accordance. References: Christoffel, K. (2011). Public health Advocacy: Process and Product. American Journal of Public Health Illinois Department of Public Health. (2010). Leading causes of death, Illinois, 2010. Retrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us/health/bdmd/leadingdeaths10.htm Nies, M. (Mary Albrecht), & McEwen, M. (2010). Community/public health nursing: promoting the health of populations. Elsevier/Saunders Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2009). Foundations of nursing in the community: community-oriented practice. Mosby/Elsevier

How is tension created in ‘The tell tale hearts’ and ‘The black cat’? Essay

In this essay I am going to study the short stories ‘the black cat’ and ‘the tell tale heart’ written by famous writer Edgar Allen Poe and see how tension is created in the two tales. Both tales are written in a gothic horror genre and Poe’s intention for this was to chill and unsettle the reader, to make them anticipate what was going to happen next, as if it was really happening. Poe succeeds in doing this by the content of the tales, partly being the supernatural and the tension he creates, which plays a major role in both. He creates this tension by using several different techniques including plot, characterisation and many stylistic devices. One way that Poe creates tension is the plot of the story and where is it set. ‘The tell tale heart’ is set in the middle of nowhere and late at night, when it is dark outside. This automatically makes the reader uneasy, as nighttime and darkness is symbolic of dark and bad deeds. Poe mentions more than once that it is set ‘about midnight’ and that it is dark, ‘black as pitch’, he keeps reminding the reader of this, as he knows it is symbolic and the reader will be wary of this. Criminals will often act upon this time, as they are more likely to get away with the crime, as they cannot be seen as easily. People are most wary of little things, sounds and sights like shadows in the dark and will be on edge. Darkness and nighttime are famously scary and unsafe, portrayed in novels and films as when everything bad happens and now is the stereotypical view. The darkness seems like a disability, vision is not fully available, and the brain starts so wander as to if anything could be round the corner, lurking, waiting because almost certainly people will feel that something bad is going to happen. The stories are written in first person narrative, which makes the reader feel as though they are in the story, involved personally, and is made to feel what the narrator feels. From the very beginning of the tales the reader gets an idea of what kind of stories they are going to be and may feel uneasy as Poe makes it clear that the narrator is mad. The narrator speaks informally and repeatedly says things that make it obvious he is not sane. Firstly, they start by telling you that they are not mad, no matter what we may think. In ‘The tell tale heart’ Poe writes ‘You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing’ and in ‘The black cat’, ‘Mad indeed would I be to expect it†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ‘Yet mad I am not’ this is affective, as it seems as though the narrator doesn’t quite believe it himself, and is trying to convince himself that he is not mad, and will put the reader on edge as they don’t know what to expect from this kind of character. Also, in ‘The black cat’ it says ‘yes, even in this felon’s cell’ which means that he is in jail, awaiting trial and prosecution. This will reinforce the reader’s doubts about the man as it informs them once again that he has done wrong. ‘The black cat’ is the story of the murder of a defenceless animal, which was killed by the person who once loved it more than anything. The cat was the narrators ‘favourite pet and playmate’ he says and he loved having pets, ‘never was so happy as when feeding and caressing them’. So it comes as a shock to the reader when he starts to mis-treat them, ‘not only neglected, but ill-used them’ spurred on by his irrational behaviour and mood swings, caused by his addiction to alcohol ‘for what disease is like Alcohol!’. ‘deliberately cut one of its eyes from the socket!’ shows the extent of how the alcohol has affected him, and the reader will feel as though they cannot trust his actions because of this which causes tension and they will be on edge as they don’t know what to expect next. Just before he kills his cat he says ‘And then came, as if to my final and irrevocable overthrow, the spirit of PERVERSENESS.’ This shows that he is aware that he is not himself, which adds more tension to the story, as he did nothing to stop it. Poe wrote the word perverseness in bold, capital letters on purpose, to show the reader that it is important in the story, he is doing all these bad things because he isn’t completely sane, so the reader will anticipate the mans every move. ‘The tell tale heart’ is the story of how a man murders another, and the only motive we are given for this is the old mans eye. The narrator describes this eye as ‘the eye of a vulture’, which is not normal and projects an image into the readers mind. He keeps referring to the eye, ‘Evil Eye’ so the reader is aware how much it troubles him, like he is obsessed with it, which is not the sign of a sane man. The narrator then continues to say how he carefully planned the man’s murder, all the precision involved, ‘I opened it- you cannot imagine how stealthily, stealthily- until, at length a simple dim ray’, yet again this shows the reader that he is not normal, and will cause the reader to feel not trust his actions and to see that he is unpredictable. Most tension is built towards the end of the tale, when the police arrive and the man seems surprisingly calm. ‘I smiled, – for what had I to fear?’ shows us that he is mad, any normal person would be very nervous and on edge when the police came. Tension is built here, as the reader doesn’t know what is going to happen, whether he will continue his act and get away with the murder, or he will trip up somehow and all will be revealed, whatever happens the reader will anxiously await. Once again we are reminded that the narrator is mad when he starts hearing a noise, ‘a low, dull, quick sound’ which only he could hear. Clearly he was imagining it, perhaps spurred on by a secret guilty conscience, the reader knows that he is struggling with mental instability and may feel tense as they don’t know what his next actions will be, he is unpredictable, but also the reader may feel sorry for him. In both tales tension is built because of the killing of the vulnerable, ‘The black cat’ looks at the killing of a cat and ‘The tell tale heart’ is the murder of a man. Neither of them did anything wrong to deserve what they got so it seems inhumane and unfair for the narrator to have done it. It shows that the killer is not a nice person, as no normal person would kill innocent animals/people so the reader doesn’t have many expectations of the man and would wonder what else could possibly happen in the two tales. I think however, that Poe’s stylistic devices add the most tension to the tales, the combination of punctuation and sentence length. He uses dashes in the middle of sentences in his work to add tension, to make them moment’s stand out from the rest of the text. ‘There was noting to wash out- no stain of any kind -no blood spot whatever’ is an example of this in ‘The tell tale heart’, where Poe is trying to emphasise the point, so the reader will take more notice of it. ‘It was a black cat -a very large one -fully as large as Pluto’ is an example of this from ‘The black cat’; yet again it shows that Poe is trying to get the reader to notice the point he is making. Poe also uses explanation marks to describe the tone and when the narrator in ‘The black cat’ says, ‘so much of insufferable wo! Alas!’ it shows clearly that he is hysterical and is in growing discomfort. The pace of the tales change. Poe uses short sentences to speed up the pace, which adds a considerable amount of tension. ‘There was no pulsation, he was stone dead his eye would trouble me no more.’ Poe writes in ‘The tell tale hearts’ which is very affective to the reader. They stand out from the long descriptive ones and therefore make more of a mark on the reader. They are also easier to take in as they are very short, and more then two short sentences in a row makes the pace increase which, yet again builds more tension. Poe’s use of dashes and commas also break up the long sentences, which makes it easier to digest what is written and readers await what is going to happen, as it is building up a picture gradually. ‘In the black cat’ Poe writes ‘from within the tomb!- by a cry, at first muffled and broken, like the sobbing of a child, and then quickly†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ which is very effective. When reading, the reader will have read it faster and faster rushing to get to the end of the sentence, to reach its climax. In conclusion, Poe succeeds in his aim, to chill and unsettle the reader, by building tension in different aspects. He does this by writing the tales in first person narrative, where the man is obviously mad, therefore untrustworthy, although the reader is inclined to feel what he feels. Also the content of the stories creates tension, the killing of defenceless and vulnerable mammals is clearly a bad thing to do so the reader know the narrator isn’t very nice. It is also discomforting to the reader to know that a human is capable of doing such things. Setting ‘The tell tale hearts’ in the nighttimes is stereotypical for bad things happening so the reader will automatically be aware that something bad is going to happen and introducing witchcraft in ‘The black cat’ adds to the tension as witchcraft is very mysterious and un natural. Poe’s use of short sentences, commas and dashes also build up tension as they break up the story, make it easier to take in and build up the pace in which the story is read. I think that Poe’s unique writing style make both the stories very affective and compliment the genre he writes to. I think that if his work were ever transferred onto screen then it wouldn’t be as effective, as stories leave more to the imagination and I don’t think that anyone would be able to create the same tense atmosphere as Poe does in his stories, which would discredit his name. Both the stories were written more than 100 years ago, in 1843. They are so old that when they were written no other genre of story like it was around at the time. They were original for the time they were written and set the standard for future writers. Poe invented this new genre and his writing skills and techniques form scratch and were the first chilling, gothic horror stories ever written, which adds to the reason of why they are so effective. Because no one had ever read anything like it before, and in a scense the stories were ahead of the time because of the effect they had. Poe’s work is popular worldwide and still his stories of this genre appear chilling as they are written in a old style that is not used as much today, but this is effective and one knows that they would have had even more impact at the time they were written.

Uses of Hris in Recruitment Process

INFORMATION SYTEMS AND RECRUITMENT Among the many definitions of Human Resource Management (HRM), this paper will approach it from a sistemic perspective. That is to say, HRM comprises the whole range of activities from the need to fill a free post to the time when an employee leaves the firm. The first one is the recruitment process, which is divided into three stages: Application, selection and socialization. This paper will leave out the latter, focusing in the use of HRIS (Human Resources Information Systems) for the recruitment process until the final appointment decision.Specifically, the first decision to be made by the firm is whether the recruitment will be internal or external. Table 1 shows a comparative between the pros and cons of each type of recruitment. As it can be seen, the internal recruitment has, initially, more advantages than the external. This is why several academics (e. g. Deguy, 1989; Pena Baztan, 1990 and Diez de Castro et al. , 2002) recommend this option whenever it is feasible and suitable. Only in those cases that this is not valid or sufficient, the firm must resort to external recruitment. Nevertheless, it is necessary to keep in mind that this statement is to be taken cautiously.There is no perfect recruitment method; the choice will have to be made considering the particular circumstances of the firm and its objectives. European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS) 2006, July 6-7 2006, Costa Blanca, Alicante, Spain J. A. Fernandez-Sanchez et al. Use of HRIS in recruitment process. The Spanish case. 2 Internal recruitment External recruitment advantages disadvantages Advantages disadvantages Low cost Limited offer Higher number of candidates High cost Faster results Interest conflicts Slower Better knowledge of candidates Lack of authority due to excess of trustNo prior knowledge of candidates Shorter socialization period Lack of innovation and new ideas Encourage change and innovation Longer socializati on period Business culture is fortified Business culture may stagnate Encourage modifications in culture Likely cultural shock Increases motivation between employees Likely discontent among non-selected May de-motivate Increases the build up of knowledge Factor for attraction and upkeep of staff Table 1. Internal vs. external recruitment The optimal use of internal recruitment processes requires possessing an updated and accurate knowledge of the personnel of the firm (Leal Millan et al. 1999), for which a HRIS can be used. The simplest and cheapest of them all, most likely, is a human resource inventory (also known as Internal IS): a database or registrar in which the largest amount of information possible is kept. Basic data to be included in this database are the personal details, the recruitment dates, the positions held, promotions, and other observations regarding their performance and potential (Pena Baztan, 1990). Following this, it must be reminded that the internal recruit ment sources are to be employed wisely, because, on occasion, they may lead to deception instead of motivation.Likewise, in order to ensure that all internal and external (if any) applications are considered equally, the former should be complemented with the most complete information available (Besseyre des Horts, 1988). Considering this frame of work, this paper intends to test two main hypotheses on the topic of the use of these recruitment sources from an empirical point of view. On the one hand, regarding the relationship between HRIS and internal recruitment processes: Hypothesis 1: â€Å"The firms that deploy HRIS in their internal recruitment processes will perform better than those who do not do it†.On the other hand, following those authors that recommend internal over external recruitment decisions, the research inquires whether: Hypothesis 2: â€Å"The firms that prefer internal recruitment decisions over external recruitment will perform better than those who do not do it†. Nevertheless, the implications that the assertion or rejection of these statements will not be fully understood unless a descriptive analysis of the presence and usage of business HRIS is carried out. This will be done prior to the actual test of the hypotheses alleged above.European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS) 2006, July 6-7 2006, Costa Blanca, Alicante, Spain J. A. Fernandez-Sanchez et al. Use of HRIS in recruitment process. The Spanish case. 3 2 DATA ANALYSIS To study the two hypotheses, along with some descriptive data, a nation-wide empirical research was performed. It was founded on the results of a prior research limited to the province of Alicante (Spain), in which the questionnaire was tested and the model was validated. SCOPE Spain POPULATION 3000 Firms with more than 200 employees SAMPLE 334 valid answers (11,1%)STANDARD ERROR 5,2%1 Table 2. Technical data of the empirical research The T test, used to determine the infere nce of the observations, concluded that there were no significant differences between the group of firms that did answer and that who did not. Consequently, the data here shown can be considered as valid indicators of the behaviour of the Spanish firms with more than 200 employees. 2. 1 Use of HRIS in the firm: a descriptive analysis Before the two main hypotheses are tested, a complimentary analysis of the findings may lead to a better understanding of the implications of this research.This part of the study will deal with the descriptive analysis of the use of HRIS in the firm. The first dimension to be concerned about is the type of information system implemented by these firms (see Table 3). Traditional (manual) Files Computerised HRIS Management of C. V. online F % V% C% F % V% C% F % V% C% YES 259 77,5 77,5 77,5 165 49,4 49,7 49,7 207 62,0 62,3 62,3 NO 75 22,5 22,5 100,0 167 50,0 50,3 100,0 125 37,4 37,7 100,0 Total 334 100,0 100,0 332 99,4 100,0 332 99,4 100,0 F=Frequency %=P ercentage V%= Valid percentage C%= Cumulative percentage Table 3.Most common applications of HRIS A few facts stand out in table 3. For starters, over two thirds of the firms (77,5%) use manual HRIS, i. e. traditional files. This is likely due to their lower cost and easier handling. As for the most sophisticated systems, this is, the computerised HRIS, barely half of the firms employ them, although this has shown an increasing tendency when compared to the results of the previous experimental research (in early 2004, only a 38,6% of the firms gave an affirmative answer).The motivations underneath this evolution include the sheer necessity to adapt to the requirements of a more complex organization, the desire to imitate those successful firms that had implemented them, or the uprising of more knowledgeable managers in present time businesses, among others. Regarding the deployment of applications for managing C. V. s online (retrieving them and storing the information adequately), it seems easy and useful enough to be accepted by 62% of the organizations. Regarding the use of HRIS in the recruitment policy, table 4 shows that every stage may benefit from them.Even though, their degree of application is inversely related to the timing and the complexity of 1 This error has been calculated for N=3000, assuming p=q and a confidence interval of 95%. European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS) 2006, July 6-7 2006, Costa Blanca, Alicante, Spain J. A. Fernandez-Sanchez et al. Use of HRIS in recruitment process. The Spanish case. 4 the task. As it was observed before, more sophisticated HRIS (and, therefore, able to assist in more complex tasks such as decision making processes) are implemented by a smaller number of firms. Reception of pplications Data storage Data retrieval Decision making processes F % V% C% F % V% C% F % V% A% F % V% C% YES 294 88. 0 91. 0 91. 0 285 85. 3 88. 2 88. 2 216 64. 7 66. 9 66. 9 151 42. 2 46. 7 46. 7 NO 29 8. 7 9. 0 100 38 11. 4 11. 8 100 107 32. 0 33. 1 100 172 51. 5 53. 3 100 Total 323 96. 7 100 323 96. 7 100 323 96. 7 100 323 96. 7 100 F=Frequency %=Percentage V%= Valid percentage C%= Cumulative percentage Table 4. Use of HRIS in different recruitment stages In sum, table 5 shows that 36,5% of the firms do use some HRIS application for all four recruitmentrelated tasks, which indicate two conclusions: ) HRIS are not an exclusive tool, but they are seldom used in combination with other methods; and b) These applications are good enough as assistants and support devices, but they will never be able to substitute human criterion. Frequency Cumulative frequency % Valid % Cumulative % 0 14 14 4,2 4,2 4,2 1 28 42 8,4 8,4 12,6 2 80 122 24,0 24,0 36,5 3 90 212 26,9 26,9 63,5 4 122 334 36,5 36,5 100,0 Total* 334 100,0 100,0 *0= no HRIS; 1= HRIS for only one task; 2= HRIS for two tasks; and so on. Table 5. Number of tasks performed through HRISFinally, there was an interest in seeing whether seve ral structural characteristics of these firms were significantly related to the use of HRIS. It can be seen in table 6 that only two classifications are affected by the use of HRIS: parent firms over subsidiaries, and the larger firms. These results respond to the logic that both types of organizations require a more complex structure, which may influence in their decision of relying on HRIS for leaner and more efficient recruitment tasks. VARIABLES CHI-SQUARED DEGREES OF FREEDOM SIGN. Family Business 4,241 4 ,374Parent /subsidiary 19,832 6 ,003 Public/private 1,295 4 ,862 Industry 36,434 28 ,132 % Permanent staff 13,960 12 ,303 Number of employees 28,320 8 ,000 Table 6. Use of HRIS concerning other classification treats European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS) 2006, July 6-7 2006, Costa Blanca, Alicante, Spain J. A. Fernandez-Sanchez et al. Use of HRIS in recruitment process. The Spanish case. 5 2. 2 Hypothesis 1: The firms that deploy HRIS in their inte rnal recruitment processes will perform better than those who do not do itThe first hypothesis is tested with the aid of a new variable created for the purpose of measuring whether the firms use internal recruitment methods based on HRIS applications. A Chi-squared test, carried out on the actual results against the null hypothesis, assesses that the actual results are different enough to overcome a certain probability that they are due to sampling error with a statistical significance of 0,045, thus confirming the assertion of hypothesis 1.Hence, it is found that those firms that rely on internal recruitment processes based on HRIS applications have better outcomes in the performance of the appointed person than those who do not. Table 7 shows the observed frequencies and how this fact may affect the overall performance of the recruitment process. Regarding the firms’ impression on the effects of using HRIS to recruit good candidates, the majority of those that implement the m (89,3%) agree in considering this fact â€Å"quite† or â€Å"plenty† beneficial. It is outstanding as well the fact that only one of them has marked this item as â€Å"No beneficial at all†.Perceived outcomes recruitment/ selection No beneficial at all A little Quite Plenty Yes Internal recruitment and HRIS 1 (0. 3%) 31 (10. 3%) 209 (69. 4%) 60 (19. 9%) No 0 (0. 0%) 7 (21. 2%) 25 (75. 8%) 1 (3. 0%) Table 7. Concurrence of HRIS usage and internal recruitment. Effects on recruitment results. In addition, in order to find if the use of HRIS has a positive influence on the outcomes of the recruiting process, another Chi-squared test shows that a relationship is established between the independent variable (Use of HRIS) and the dependent one (Perceived outcomes of the process), with a 0,000 statistical significance.Therefore, it is statically confirmed that a greater application of HRIS contribute in a positive manner to the outcomes of the recruitment process, and , in consequence, to the overall performance of the firm. This evidence agrees, once more, with hypothesis 1. 2. 3 Hypothesis 2: The firms that prefer internal recruitment decisions over external recruitment will perform better than those who do not do itBefore carrying out this test, it seemed necessary to see whether firms prefer internal recruitment techniques over external ones. To do so, a frequency analysis was carried out, as illustrated in table 8. Frequency % Valid % Cumulative % Never 5 1,5 1,6 1,6 Very rarely 11 3,3 3,5 5,1 Rarely 19 5,7 6,1 11,2 Occasionally 62 18,6 19,8 31,0 Frequently 72 21,6 23,0 54,0 Very frequently 77 23,1 24,6 78,6 Always 67 20,1 21,4 100,0 Preference of internal recruitment over external recruitment Total 313 93,7 100,0 Table 8.Preference of internal recruitment over external recruitment The low values of the â€Å"very rarely† and â€Å"never† categories, and the fact that 69% of the firms prefer internal over external recruitment o n a â€Å"frequently† to â€Å"always† basis, demonstrate that it is internal European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS) 2006, July 6-7 2006, Costa Blanca, Alicante, Spain J. A. Fernandez-Sanchez et al. Use of HRIS in recruitment process. The Spanish case. 6 recruitment what organizations favour. The reasons under this tendency can be found in the advantages of internal recruitment methods, as seen in the literature review.As for the consequences of this choice, table 9 provides the results of the relationship between the use of internal recruitment by the firms and the perceived degree of satisfaction with the outcomes of such a decision. None Of little satisfaction Moderately satisfactory Satisfactory Very satisfactory Addition of the last two Seldom 0 (0. 0%) 0 (0. 0%) 3 (30. 0%) 6 (60. 0%) 1 (10. 0%) 7 (70. 0%) Occasionally 0 (0,0%) 0 (0,0%) 12 (15,0%) 58 (72,5%) 10 (12,5%) 68 (85,0%) Sometimes 1 (0,8%) 0 (0,0%) 11 (8,7%) 97 (76,4%) 18 (14 ,2%) 115 (90,6%) Often 0 (0,0%) 0 (0,0%) 5 (6,9%) 44 (61,1%) 23 (31,9%) 67 (93,0%) Use of nternal recruitment Always 0 (0,0%) 0 (0,0%) 1 (5,0%) 11 (55,0%) 8 (40,0%) 19 (95,0%) Table 9. Degree of satisfaction with the outcomes of the recruitment process This contingency table indicates that those firms that use primarily internal recruitment processes seem more satisfied with their decision. Moreover, another Chi-squared test carried on these two variables rejects the null hypothesis of independence with a statistical significance of 0,013.Therefore, hypothesis 2 is confirmed, as has been argued by the work of other authors (namely Pfeffer, 1994 and 1998; Huselid, 1995; Delaney and Huselid, 1996; Delery and Doty, 1996) who show a positive relationship between the internal recruitment strategy and the performance of the firm. 3 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The main conclusion of this paper is the realization that the use of business HRIS is in a developing and retrieval. In spite of thi s, it is recognized the positive influence that these systems have in the recruiting process, which make us think that HRIS will gain a place in many organizations in the short and medium term.Regarding the commonest applications of HRIS, our findings indicate that a fairly large percentage of firms rely on these systems for at least one the stages of the recruitment process. Nevertheless, the presence of these applications is scarcer for the most complex and delayed in time tasks, such as decision making processes, because they require, in return, more complex HRIS. This conclusion is therefore reinforced by the findings expressed above, since it is the developing stage of HRIS what leads to this decompensate situation. It was also observed that two groups of organizations lead the HRIS mplementation trend: the parent companies, with regard to their subsidiaries, and the largest firms in terms of number of employees. This seems a logical finding because their more complex structure s may benefit more of the advantages of HRIS to increase the efficiency of their recruiting processes. Besides, HRIS are found to be preferred in combination with other HRM practices, instead of on their own. This reveals that human judgement is still the main criterion for making decisions in this area, albeit assessed or supported by the information provided by the HRIS.As for the main hypotheses tested in this research, internal recruitment is the favourite method for filling in vacant positions within the firms, which confirms the theoretical assumptions that asserted that, even though both internal and recruitment strategies are to be considered, the former is less costly and provides more advantages to the firms. Indeed, the evidence supports that a better performance is expected from the people internally recruited, which in turn will improve the overall business performance.European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS) 2006, July 6-7 2006, Costa Blanca , Alicante, Spain J. A. Fernandez-Sanchez et al. Use of HRIS in recruitment process. The Spanish case. 7 The same can be stated about the synergies caused by the interaction between HRIS and internal recruitment. The business managers, overwhelming, agree in the positive effects that the advantages of the latter, and the better quality information provided by the former, have in the outcomes of the recruitment decisions. Finally, we would like to express our own impression on this topic.It is our belief that HRIS add competitive value to the firm as a whole and to the HRM department specifically. Despite this conviction, shared with many other academics of the field, we have reservations supporting that information systems may endow businesses with a sustainable competitive advantage on their own. Classic strategic information systems benefited from their being the first to arrive, but they soon became a commodity, even a compulsory asset in order to remain in the industry. Their pe rvasive condition may inhibit other firms from developing the strategic changes needed for succeeding in the foreseeable future.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of opening labour markets on Essay - 1

What are the advantages and disadvantages of opening labour markets on a global scale - Essay Example Significantly, leaders of any state dictate its position on global scale, both in politics and in the economy, relative to their knowledge and skills in exploiting opportunities and having the ability to identify threats (Weihrich 1999). Typically, these two aspects can either boost a state’s strategy or completely act as the main hindrance to its success based on how the political and economic leaders approach the strengths and weaknesses of the matter. Globalization has many facets that any country must address once they decide on participating on an international level; moreover, among the most complex areas are the labor market and employment. These areas require a certain level of understanding and experience for a state to engage or flourish. In the past, there have been more complaints than compliments from people and heads of state that have had the chance to participate in the globalization of labor due to the multiple threats and situations of disempowerment because of the harsh working conditions, poor pay and job insecurity (Edward 2014). Decisively, history and experience clearly depicts that opening labor markets on a global scale has its ups and downs with most developing states and transnational companies arguing that without vast knowledge and skills, it mostly disadvantageous. Appreciably, the possibility of setting up markets on global scale has technology advancements among others as its core facilitators; however, keeping up with these advancements is a challenge itself for most companies and states so most of them focus on global patterns of migration. Obviously, focusing on only one does not guarantee full results but most of the flourishing parties agree that the best approach is mobilizing or the necessary resources and knowledge of the global market to counter the adverse challenges and eventually exercise greater power.

Critically Discuss the Suitability, Feasibility and Acceptability of Essay

Critically Discuss the Suitability, Feasibility and Acceptability of the International Strategy of Amazon.com Organisation - Essay Example Amazon.Com has been one of the initial companies to sell goods over the web. The company was founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994, and launched to the worldwide market in 1995. Initially, the company started as an online bookstore and then rapidly broadened into different divisions such as Video Home System tapes and DVDs, music CDs, software, video games, electronic goods, toys, furniture and clothing as well as food items. Amazon considers its existence as entirely customer-centric business, which is focused on their company statement or the value of the organisation. The organisational value of Amazon is guided by certain leadership principles. These principles include customer obsession which intends to consider at the centre-stage for each and every customer who visit their online retail site. Furthermore, the company’s ownership is also a valuable component for its progression for the long-term. The organisational values also consider sustaining utmost standards of the offering s and to hire as well as develop the best possible talents within the organisation. (Amazon. Com Inc., 2012). The main objective of this report is to analyse the international strategic plans of Amazon and to discuss the appropriateness, practicability as well as the adequacy of international strategies implemented by Amazon. The Strategy of Amazon in the International Business The notion of business strategy is concerned with the marketing of products and/or services as well as it also involves decision making about economic aspects, human resource strategies, manufacturing and operations along with certain other business components. The main purpose of a strategic business plan in an organisation is to set the direction of the business and to provide the company a set structure so that the products or the services it provides can meet the selected business objectives or the goals of the organisation (Open Office, 2004). The e-marketing plan provides a wide road map for the success of an e-business organisation such as Amazon. It is necessary to create a spontaneo us overview of a good market plan which ensures a complete understanding of the e-business model. E-business model describes the architecture of information delivery along with its available products and services as well as the complete picture of sources of revenues (Embellix Software, 2000). Marketing management is a very necessary aspect because the business of Amazon operates in hostile and altering multifarious environment. The ability of a business to achieve profitable sales is impacted by a large number of environmental factors. Marketing plan is useful in a business which assists to recognise a source of competitive advantage, enables to commit to a strategy, get the resources needed to invest in the business, as well as to measure the performance of the business in a particular environment (Serrat, 2008). There are certain strategic levels which are needed to be analysed for understanding the international strategy of Amazon and their appropriateness, practicability and ad equacy. Market Development Level With regard to the corporate objectives of an organisation, marketing planning provides an important framework. In relation to marketing planning, market development plays a crucial part in an organisation’s international strategy (Embellix Software, 2000). In this context, for market development, Amazon has acquired a specific growth prospect, advantages and cost effectiveness through their e-tailing

Nigeria Kidnappings Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nigeria Kidnappings - Research Paper Example On the other hand, in the Niger Delta, schoolchildren are also victims of kidnapping. Noting that Nigeria will soon have its elections, it is an indication that with the rise of criminal acts and insecurity there is a possibility that the elections will fail to be free and fare. In the recent years, the state of Abia has had a plague of kidnapping, acts of hijacking and robbery. The only way that Nigerian government has been doing to ensure that such cases are curbed is by negotiating with the kidnappers to get back the victims and also the security forces have been involved in putting up new strategies to conquer the pervasive issue of kidnapping. In addition, the police forces are being trained to enhance their knowledge and skills to decisively deal with the kidnappers across Nigeria (Omonijo, 2011).The governments have a tendency of blaming the pervasive kidnapping wave away from the Niger Delta as a result of the increasing rates of unemployment across the country. The African c ontinent is the challenge with kidnapping cases since the police force is ineffective and corrupt. Furthermore, the police forces are inadequately equipped to stem such crimes and the relationship that exists between the kidnappers and politicians as well. These elements, however, seem to be more signs of a wide malaise, for instance, pervasive kidnapping is a major symptom failed and failing country. This feature is common in countries which are failing or had failed like Columbia since 19770s to 200.

Ford - Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ford - Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Logistics is the function of the organization that is responsible for movement, handling and storage of materials (raw materials) from the suppliers through the different units of the organization to the end user (consumer). Hence, logistics management is best defined as: the process of planning, implementing and controlling the cost-effective, efficient storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods, and related information flow from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to consumer requirements.(Cooper et al., 1997, 1) In this report, as the Logistics Director of Ford Motor Company, I have analysed the logistics activities of the organization and made recommendations on how to improve supply chain management to achieve competitive advantage. For better understanding, a brief description of background of the company is included. Ford – Background Ford Motor Company is the one of the world’s largest automobile manufacturer in the world with operations spread over continents. The primary product of the company is automobiles but it also manufactures other products such as trucks, tractors, buses and also includes financial services (Ford, 2012). Founded in 1903 by Henry Ford, the company revolutionised the automobile industry by introducing assembly line production which made large scale manufacture of automobiles possible. Ford since the very beginning has been concentrating on vertical integration and this has served the company well for a very long time. But this strategy has its drawbacks in today’s global market place and competition. Ford has around 4600 manufacturing sites around the globe and it has relationships with over 1600 production suppliers. Ford also purchases numerous other non-production supplies from over 9000 suppliers (United Nations Global Compact, 2012). The purchases include products and services such as computers, construction, marketing, machinery, health care, indust rial materials, etc. The traditional approach of the company towards supply chain management over the last century has made it difficult for the company to adapt to modern day challenges. The decentralisation of purchasing and the size of the organization are the two main roadblocks for the company to achieve effective supply chain management. Ford’s Supply Chain and Logistics Activities Ford, since the very beginning, had concentrated on vertical integration wherein the company controlled or owned literally every aspect of the business. All raw materials such as rubber, coal, and iron ore came from plantations and mines that were owned by Ford. Raw materials came from one gate of the plant and finished cars rolled out of another. This approach has been central to Ford’s success since the early years. This approach had limitations and this was exploited by the Japanese companies which adopted a lean manufacturing approach as opposed to the bloated business model of the Ford (NFS, n.d.). Due to the traditional approach and the size of the organization, Ford’s supply chain is one of the most complex supply chains in any industry. There is consistent inflow of shipments from thousands of suppliers from all over the globe to the numerous plants worldwide. Ford has a global production network which can be best understood by the following diagram. Basic Pictorial Representation of Ford’ Supply Chain The above representation does not indicate the complexity involved in the Ford’

Life Stressors Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Life Stressors Journal - Assignment Example This means that the period assessed was packed with high stress levels ( Koocher & Greca, 2011). I was not surprised by my life stressors since I experienced tough times and was always indoors thinking about my stressors. My major stressors were my education; that is, my fees, grades and competition from other students. These stressors greatly impacted my socializing skills forcing me to be a loner. I tried reaching out to friends as my relaxation technique, by creating a good social support system, and it really worked as I realized that a problem shared is half solved. Major health risks associated with distress are; insomnia, bouts of anger, depression, restlessness, tense muscles, and fatigue. The critical point in managing stress is our ability to control how we react to the situation that led to the stress. We are usually so busy living our life that we don’t take time to stop and assess. We should practice the various relaxation techniques for a healthy living (Koocher & Greca,

Wedding Photography Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wedding Photography Survey - Essay Example actice of wedding photography has developed and grown ever since the development of the pictorial art form by Joseph Nicà ©phore Nià ©pce, in 1826 (Baatz 27). An early photograph, in fact, recorded a decade after this was the 1840 wedding ceremony of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria. The market for this endeavour is individuals who look forward to getting married. The venture strictly takes place during the period of the wedding, but not necessarily on the wedding day. The wedding photographers advertise themselves through various mediums such as television or mostly magazines (Baatz 45). A majority of photographers prefer to be paid prior to the service, but all expenses can be refunded if the client is not pleased with the work. Some of the equipments needed are lenses, wide-angle zoom, wide-to-telephoto zoom, image-stabilized telephoto zoom, camera body, flashes and accessories, light modifiers and a bag to hold it all among other items. A recent trend in the wedding photography field is the vintage effect. Photographers are now able to give pictures a vintage effect making the pictures appear as if they were from a different time period (the past) other than now (Baatz 98). Locations include the main wedding venue, parks (places with a lot of tress), as well as water sites. This depends with the preference of the couple. A survey carried out by the Photo District News (PDN), in 2009, confirmed that less bookings with a 6.5% plunge in wedding photography were experienced with a few less hours per week on the venture in 2009 than in 2008 (PDN 1). Wedding photographers who provide a la carte services have increased their costs by 1 ½%. The photographers who provide packages have increased their prices by 3%. The most fascinating part of it is that half of the photographers added a much higher priced package in 2009, by 40+%, and they seem to be photographers who want their incomes to increase every year. Half of the photographers added lower-priced packages that

Selection of Plant Manager Essay Example for Free

Selection of Plant Manager Essay Dynamo Industries, a medium sized firm manufacturing electrical motors in its various plants across USA is to recruit a plant manager for its Pittsburgh plant. The Pittsburgh plant has been facing issues like higher production costs, work slowdowns and a demotivated workforce due to which the last plant manger was asked to leave. Dynamo Industries is now looking to hire a new plant manager for the Pittsburgh plant. After a thorough screening using some expensive selection devices, the company has shortlisted 8 candidates. The task is to select one candidate out of these eight shortlisted for the role of the plant manager. Â  The plant manager reports to Vice President (Production). He is responsible for the operating efficiency of the plant. He should be good at people management skills and knowledgeable of production methods and equipment. He is also directly or indirectly responsible for procuring materials, quality control, budgeting, plant maintenance, establishing safety regulations and union management and contract negotiations. As the plant is facing two major issues in terms of higher production cost and poor worker relations, the candidate should possess good interpersonal skills as well as knowledge on production processes and management techniques. It would definitely be an advantage if the candidate is promoted within the ranks as this sends good signal within the organisation about opportunities for personal growth for the employees. However we would prefer Kathy Joyce to be appointed as Plant manger due to the following reasons other than the selection evaluation scores, 1)Being an employee of the company, this would be a lateral movement and will be looked upon favourably by the employees. 2)Also Kathy herself is keen to get relocated to Pittsburgh due to personal reasons and this motivation can work in favour of the company. The company also needs to establish a proper philosophy of recruitment, promotion and lateral placements.

Personal Feelings And Learning From The Experiences Education Essay

Personal Feelings And Learning From The Experiences Education Essay This reflective report is written as part of the applied management project on WTOs impact on business entering new market which reviews the role of the regime in promoting cross border trade and new market access. According to Boud, Keogh and Walker (1985) reflective analysis is intended to enable a person to evolve, engage and develop the experience based knowledge. It is an open ended exercise giving meaning to the past experiences and understands better their significance in the present. A reflective analysis is made upon the period of writing up the dissertation project in a team is presented in the following paragraphs. The presentation of the reflection is based on my experiences upon the start of the project itself with anecdotes of the past coming up in between. This reflection has helped me to gain a better understanding of the role of reflective analysis of the past and how it can help me in my future career as well. The report is presented in four parts with my own and ou r groups recollection of experiences being the first part. This part gives out mainly my experience on the start of the project and phase when we worked as a group some of the frictions within the group and idea generation happening etc. In the next stage the dynamics of group is analysed in depth again based on my experience and also some feedback from my group itself. An attempt is made to connect the experiences with the theory on group dynamics and this presentation has helped me to understand the importance of group work, how difficult it is for some people to engage in groups and the opposite side where there are naturally talented leaders and followers. The part on group dynamics explores the theories on group formation especially Tuckmans (1963) theory of forming, storming, norming and performing. In the next section my personal feeling and some learning I gained from the experiences with working in a team. In this part I have also put forward the evolution of the project wo rk itself where I learned quite a lot on international business and the role of world trade organisation in the propagation of business around the world. In the final section the natural outcome from a reflective analysis is given in the form of lessons learned from the project work. Here is where this reflective analysis has indeed given results with some of the lessons and future action points have come as a real eye opener. In this exercise of reflection I have tried to be positive and have an analyst frame of mind. Recollection of Experiences In this section of the report I am putting together my experience from the start of the project, the first phases when we worked as a group some of the frictions within the group, idea generations and contributions of each member towards the report. From the first day of the induction programme into the project and upon learning the process of writing the reflective report our entire group decided to take notes on their personal experiences from each day of our meetings. In the end many in the group including me had failed to keep up this simple task. But we were at last able to put our thoughts together and sketch a rough idea as to what all had happened during our three months long process of project making. One of the initial surprises was the topic itself and the formation of the group. The university should have ideally given the students some time for group formation itself as was done in the case for other subjects where when a group report had to be written students were allocated time to form up the groups. But we had some idea that a group had to be formed and I along with some others had decided to join in the same group. Ultimately when the time for giving out the topics came some other students who were straggler in one sense also added up to our small group in order to make the numbers the university had mandated. This was initially and all along the project viewed as an inconvenience as most of these stragglers did not turn up for meetings or shares their piece of the work or take part in giving their ideas for the project. But during the reflection phase we realised that these additions only added up to our learning of group formation and performing in a group. After the groups were formed and topics allocated there were a weeks session where we had some constructive discussion on the project. This was the only phase in which the all the group members were present. The searching of information and collection of data for analysis were distributed in these initial days and we all agreed to meet up at regular intervals. Towards the end days of the first weeks session our attendance were beginning to collapse and many from the group dropped out. But it was during this first weeks group work that I experienced how a group can work together and how certain people are true leaders and others are followers. During the initial stages of the report making and when various points of views were discussed there were disagreement within the smaller group who were really cohesive as to the nature and the twist the dissertation should take. Some members were of the opinion that based on the initial inputs itself they should form a stand as to the nature of the progress. As our topic was the role of world trade organisation in developing international trade they argued that based on the initial sets of data literature review etc a stand of either the world trade organisation is good or bad should be taken. They argued that as we went along with the dissertation this will be the easier course as we only had to argue the cases were this has happened and collect and collate data from one side. But some other members of the group argued that making such a decision in the earlier stages of the work itself will be detrimental to the whole process of the project which is the analysis of the subject and based on the literature review and the analysis a discussion can be made as to whether the world trade organisation has indeed been advantageous pr disadvantageous to world trade. Finally some people choose to go with the initial strategy of determining what course they will take and then collecting all their data and analysing and discussion it in such a way that not other conclusion can be reached. These were the recollections and the experiences I had during the project which is worthwhile mentioning here in this report. Following is an analysis of these experiences on the formation of the groups and how I perceived it happened and the fallouts. The study on group formation and its implications has given me a better understanding of the team working requirements I need to face in a work situation and this analysis I believe will help me to perform better. Group Dynamics The group dynamics of the above recollections is analysed here in this section as said earlier the study on group formation and its implications has given me a better understanding of the team working requirements I need to face in a work situation and this analysis, I believe will help me to perform better. In this section the analysis is based mainly on Tuckmans (1963) theory of formation of the teams and their ability to perform. Tuckman (1963) is credited to have analysed the stages of the group formation and he named these sages as forming, storming, norming and performing. As per Schneider (2003), the purpose of a team is to bring together individuals with different backgrounds, skills, and abilities to solve problems or accomplish a set of goals and objectives working together that would be impossible to achieve working alone We were to work as a team for the applied management project and one of the ideas for working in the teams was to develop the sensation of building the team spirit and learn how to work in teams in our future careers. As said earlier we were a small group of four students who worked together in many assignments we had before and we gelled together even though there were some friction, ego clashes etc among us. But in spite of all these we were determined to be in one team for the applied management project. During the day of the first seminar some more students joined our teams and we became a big entity and we in fact had two small teams working in the same one. What happened were two small teams joined together along with some other stragglers who till then were not part of any informal groups of students. As soon as we got the topic we moved on to the stage to prepare ourselves and divide the work among us. It was during the initial stages that I realised how hard it is for the ma king of a team and working in them for many people. There were more than one leader in our entire team and each one had their own methods and views about the project work. In some fashion on the first day itself we found ourselves into two groups which were actually the two small groups which had joined up. I found out that there were more interactivity within these two separate groups and communication was much easier within the smaller groups. Analysing it now, I feel that these two smaller groups can be considered as two separate identities working together. At the time there were some misunderstandings, friction and miscommunication between the members and we thought that we were not going to work very well as a team. Each small team had an informal leadership role assumed or rather given and the main communication between the smaller groups happened through these leaders. The work to be done, the topics to be read and researched etc were divided up between the smaller groups i. e. initially into two and then we separately divided up these two parts again between ourselves. At the time we had many grievances about the working of each other but now I have come to realise that we indeed worked together but the overall composition was that of two separate identities working together. During the initial stages i.e. forming stage itself we inadvertently began working in our separate ways. Hence the formation of the group was that of two personalities of the two separate small groups. We each had our own working style and personality. It was during the norming stage that we truly started working in our individual groups and we started finding the rhythm. There were friction during the work allotment idea generation etc and this might be analysed as the storming stage where some personal differences and ego clashes came to the fore. In the end when we started to have separate group meetings and then combining our thoughts in the end by our respective leaders to ea ch other we were actually a performing group. Unfortunately it should be said that these group performances did not last very long. As soon as the induction week was over out group meetings ended and then we rarely met. But our small group which had earlier itself gone through the various stages of formation was a performing group and we tended to work together. Personal Feelings and Learning from the Experiences My personal feelings during the project work were mixed. I had a feeling that we were doing a great work and this chance will not come to us again. On the other hand the work was cumbersome, boring and tiring for most of us after the initial euphoria worn off. We kept on pushing the things to the last minute and indeed the reflection of our experiences we realised that we did not have a time bound schedule for doing things and even during initial stages when we tried to make some schedules it never were followed. I thought that there was plenty of time to do the research as there was three whole months to complete the project. One of the best learnings I had from the project was the scheduling of the project. This was a lesson learnt during the last days as the deadline approached there was a scramble for completing the work. One of the other developments was that even in our small groups there were many ideas on the project which never crossed my mind. I had a feeling from the beginning that I was among the better ones in my group as I always was a guide to many of my colleagues in our previous assignments. Many of my colleagues often turned towards me for ideas on how to do the assignments and presentations. But in the final project I realised that each individual have some thing to contribute to the overall performance of the team. This happened when they were sufficiently motivated to work for the project. The motivation to work and put effort came from the challenges we faced as from the very beginning we all realised that not a single individual could find all the answers and team work is needed. Hence each person had to put in their effort and when they saw their work getting appreciated them felt motivated enough to venture into unknown territory and come up with many ideas even though some of the m were complete idiotic. Hence I can say that individual effort does count in any group work. There were also instances of cases where I felt that some people with certain mentality are truly unable to work in groups at all. These are not to be construed as weakness in any part but it is true that some people are unable to work in groups. These are people with an independent frame of mind and they will stand out in as many as the group activities as they could. They could either participate negatively in a group work or does not participate at all. I learned quite a lot on international business and the role of world trade organisation in the propagation of business around the world. It was also during this study that the implications came upon me and some of the group members then formed some negative opinion of the world trade organisation. As it turned out the recent data and the literature were giving a negative aspect on the WTO. The literature review suggested that stronger and developed countries were putting much weight on the organisation to make the rules and regulations in their way so that poor developing countries need to open their trade barriers and cheap goods can be dumped in such countries. There were several instances of such cases were the poor countries were bullied by the developed world with the end result that the gap between the rich and the poor nations has only increased even after the formation of WTO. Lessons for Future Projects One of the important lessons I learned for the future career is on time keeping and the importance of planning the activities. During the final stages of the project we did not have enough time to complete as we had taken it easy from the beginning. This made me thinking in the final stages of the project on the importance of planning and scheduling of the work and also my life. I have decided to have a planning and make action points for each part of my life starting with my career plan. Till then I was an easy going person and hoped to get some job after my studies. But I realise that getting a job is not easy and getting a job that I would like to do will be very difficult. The other most important learning from this reflective analysis on the short period of the project was the subject of reflection itself. The reflection on my previous experiences gave me valuable insights into this self learning tool which can be used in my career. Self reflection is an important part of any body life and when we pause and analyse the past actions we realise that some of them were quite negative or time consuming and things could have been better. From this analysis action points can be made for the future. Reflection is not only to correct the past mistakes but also to gain valuable insights into the factors which have turned out better. Hence I have decided to use self reflection as a tool to pause and analyse my past actions and plan for my future career in every stage of life. Conclusion The above reflective report written as part of the applied management project on WTOs impact on business entering new market which reviews the role of the regime in promoting cross border trade and new market access. The presentation of the reflection is based on my experiences from the start of the project. The report presented in four parts gives a summary of the experiences I had over the four months of the project, the part played by the group is with an analysis into group dynamics exploring the theories on group formation, my personal feeling and some learning I gained from the experiences with working in a team and also the role of world trade organisation in the propagation of business around the world. In the final section the natural outcome from a reflective analysis is given in the form of lessons learned from the project work. One of the important lessons I learned for the future career is on time keeping and the importance of planning and scheduling of the work and also my life. I have decided to have a planning and make action points for each part of my life starting with my career plan. The other most important learning is the art of self reflection which is an important part of life; to pause and analyse the past actions to and plan for my future in every stage of life. I believe that this reflective analysis has indeed given results with some of the lessons and future action points have come as a real eye opener.

Bond Pricing and Interest Rates

Bond Pricing and Interest Rates Bond Pricing And The Term Structure Of Interest Rates: A New Methodology For Contingent Claims Valuation We read the paper Bond pricing and the term structure of interest rates by Heath, Jarrow, and Morton. Their paper presents a theory for valuing contingent claims under a stochastic term structure of interest rates. The methodology takes as given an initial forward rate curve and a family of potential stochastic processes for its subsequent movements. A no arbitrage condition restricts this family of processes yielding valuation formulae for interest rate sensitive contingent claims which do not explicitly depend on the market prices of risk. In relation to the term structure of interest rates, arbitrage pricing theory has two purposes. The first is to price all zero coupon (default free) bonds of varying maturities from a finite number of economic fundamentals, called state variables. The second, is to price all interest rate sensitive contingent claims, taking as given the prices of the zero coupon bonds. The primary contribution of this paper, however, is a new methodology for solving the second problem, i.e., the pricing of interest rate sensitive contingent claims given the prices of all zero coupon bonds. The methodology is new because (i) it imposes its stochastic structure directly on the evolution of the forward rate curve, (ii) it does not require an inversion of the term structure to eliminate the market prices of risk from contingent claim values, and (iii) it has a stochastic spot rate process with multiple stochastic factors influencing the term structure. The model can be used to consistently price (and hedge) all contingent claims (American or European) on the term structure, and it is derived from necessary and (more importantly) sufficient conditions for the absence of arbitrage. The Difference Between Duration And Maturity In Bonds Based on the article: Bond Price Volatility and Term to Maturity: A generalized Re-specification Most investors and especially we who are taking the course Fixed Income Securities are familiar with the bonds maturity. The article wants to illustrate why we cant just rely on the length of maturity when estimating how volatile the price for a certain bond is. As we have read before during the course, there is a common and accepted thumb rule that tells us that for a given change in yields, the price change for the bond will be greater the longer the term to maturity is. Therefore I first of all want to highlight the difference between the duration and maturity. Firstly I will have a short explanation of these two terms and further I will continue this paper by explain some important parts from the article. When it comes to maturity, we all know the maturity is the point in time when the investor receives back the principal. We also know that a bond will increase in value, that is, the price of the bond will increase, if the interest on the market decrease and vice versa. From this statement above, it may be clear that the longer maturity, the more changes in the interest rates can be waited and the more volatile the bond price will be. The duration of a bond will show how sensitive a bonds price is to changes in the interest rate. Its a measurement for how much the bond price will change due to a one percentage change in the interest rate on the market. Duration of 7 means for instance that if the interest rate raises by one percentage means that the price of the bond will fall 7 percentages. The duration is simply the weighted average amount of time that it takes for the investor to be repaid all cash that is both the coupon payments and the end, principal payment. Therefore the duration will always be less than the maturity, except for zero-coupon bonds where they will be equal. These two properties are important when it comes to duration: The first one is that the longer the maturity, the higher the duration. The second one is that the lower the coupon payment the higher the duration. With these facts above, I want to highlight the important aspect of this what the article goes through. Indeed, the price volatility is connected to the time structure of the bond, but its not direct mathematically related to the maturity in a pure simple way. Since there are evidence that duration is more accurate, the authors for the article wants to generalize the following: For a given basis point change in market yield, percentage changes in bond prices vary proportionally with the duration and are greater, the greater the duration of the bond. There is also true that there is an inverse relationship between duration and coupon. This means that a higher coupon bond will automatically be seen as a shorter-term bond than a bond that has a lower coupon payment, even if they in fact have the same maturity period. Furthermore, this means that a comparison of these bonds with equal maturity will underestimate the default risk premium in periods of upward sloping yield curves and also overestimate the premium in periods of downward sloping yield curves. For instance, referred to the above information, there is evidence that the duration varies inversely with coupon rates. A 50 year 8 percent coupon bond, yielding 6 percent, have approximately the same duration as a 20 year 2 percent coupon bond yielding the same amount of 6 percent. To sum up the article and this paper, I want to highlight the complexity of the relationship between the bond price volatility and the maturity, as well as the relation between then bond value and the duration, even if I believe that duration is a more accurate measurement of price volatility. Expectations, Bond Prices, And The Term Structure Of Interest Rates The term structure of interest rates is of great importance when dealing with bonds, since the interest rate significantly affects the bond price. Burton G. Malkiel examines the relationship between market interest rates and bond prices in his article Expectations, Bond Prices, and the Term Structure of Interest Rates, where he takes the position that Lutz theory of Basic Behavioural postulate is correct and important in understanding the behaviour of market interest rates of securities with different term to maturity. Lutz says that investors decide whether to invest in bond based on their expectation of future short rates, since they are not able to predict long term rates. Malkiel furthermore aims to ease the principle hypothesis by Hicks and Keynes, that future prises are biased expectations of future spot prices. A bonds market price or value is determined by four factors: the face value of the bond; the coupon or interest paid periodically to the bondholder; the effective interest rate per period; and the number of years to maturity. The lower interest rate, the higher the bond price hence the significant relationship between the two factors. The term structure in this sense is important since the investor wants to choose the term and bond that is most beneficial. According to Malkiel, the term structure is based on investors expectations, which is influenced by the normal range of interest rates. If interest rates appear to be very high relative to the normal range, investors may expect that interests will fall and vice versa. The term structure problem is furthermore analysed with a combination of spot and forward trading, resulting in longer term rates as combinations of relevant forward short rates: (1 + R2)2 = (1+r1)(1+r2). When long-term average rates are below the current short rate future short-term rates are expected to fall, and conversely, long rates will exceed the current short rate if future short rates are expected to rise. Additionally, when interest rates are believed to be high in relation to historical averages, investors will prefer long-term bonds while issuers prefer to sell short-term securities, whilst low interest rates will encourage investors to buy shorts and issuers to sell longs. Supporting Lutzs theory, Malkiel makes the conclusion that short and intermediate areas of the yield curve exhibit more dramatic responses to changes in expectations. This is due to the fact that investors cannot predict the long term rates; they only interpret the near past and current market conditions. What is also worth mentioning is that the term structure fluctuates more between e.g. one to two years, and three to six years, compared to a very long period of time, e.g. thirty-four and sixty-eight years. This is also due to the fact that it is difficult to predict changes in interest rates for such a far away future. This furthermore explains that the yield curve tends to flatten out the longer term to maturity. To conclude, investors will choose to purchase bonds depending on their expectations of how interest rates will change in the near and long-term future, the term-structure, and that presumably would be most beneficial in terms of bond price and returns. Does Duration Extension Enhance Long-Term Expected Returns? The articles main purpose is to give investors important information regarding duration and if you can gain a profit or not in the long-term. The author is using empirical evidence mainly from the U.S. Treasury bond market over the past 25 years. All the results of the past returns depend on the interest rate trend in the period the authors are looking at. The focus in the article lies on the long-run expected return differentials across bonds with different maturities. The risk premium is defined as the long-term return exceeding short-term risk-less rate. The writer means that the one-year bill earns on average 150 basis points higher return than one-month bill and after two years the yield curve will remain a constant line. In other words the return of the bill will stay reasonably the same at two years but recall that long-term bonds are riskier than short-term bonds because it is difficult to predict the future. In other words it is uncertain how much the bonds are worth in the long-term because there are many different causes that affect the value in the future. The article discusses the bond risk premium using six theories. There are three classic term structure hypotheses. The first is called pure expectations which means assuming that there is no risk premium. The second is the liquidity/risk hypothesis explaining the compensation for return volatility. The third explains the increase and decrease with duration depending on time horizon called the preferred habitat theory. Ilmanen presents two modern asset pricing theories. One that explains the risk premium proportional to return volatility and the other one that clarifies CAPM. The latter explains that the risk of assets depends on the sensitivity to aggregate wealth as in stock market sensitivity (ÃŽ ² correlation) and risk premium (ÃŽ ² Market risk premium) which in turn depends on market volatility and risk aversion level. Equilibrium model means assets performing poorly in bad times should earn positive risk premium while assets performing well are accepted for low yields but other non-risk related factors are also mentioned. To sum up the article long-term bonds are riskier than short-term bonds and investors earn positive risk premium for bearing this risk. Various models specify that expected returns are linear in duration and return volatility but other factors may contribute. References Longstaff, F. A., and E. S. Schwarz (1992), Interest Rate Volatility and Term Structure: A Two-Factor General Equilibrium Model, Journal of Finance, Vol. 47(4), pp. 1259-1282. Heath, D., R. Jarrow, and A. Morton (1992), Bond Pricing and Term Structure of Interest Rates: A New Methodology for Contingent Claims Valuation, Econometrica, Vol. 60(1), pp. 77-105. Hopewell, M. H., and G. G. Kaufman (1973), Bond Price Volatility and Term to Maturity: A Generalized Re-specification, The American Economic Review, Vol. 63(4), pp. 749-753. Malkiel, B. G. (1962), Expectations, Bond Prices, and Term Structure of Interest rates, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 76(2), pp. 197-218. Ilmanen, A., (1996), Does Duration Extension Enhance Long-term Expected Returns? Journal of Fixed Income, September, pp. 23-36.

Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay -- A Dolls House Essays

In many literary works, there are characters in which portray both similarities and differences. In the Play "A Doll's House," by Henrik Ibsen, two of the characters have many oppositions and congruencies. These characters go by the names of Nora Helmer and Mrs. Linde. Ibsen characterizes these women by describing their comparable and contrasting personalities. He does this by describing their financial situations as well as their family lives. He describes these women, as opposites while in fact there are some distinct similarities. They share many of the same values and goals. Both Nora and Mrs. Linde are strong women with a weak exterior. Nora is described as a fragile woman that has been spoiled throughout her lifetime. The men in her life, her father and husband, have taken the roll of the authority figures. Nora is accustomed to relying on men to support and pamper her. She never has a care in the world. Though she appears to be content, in her heart she is not happy. She feels the urge to be set free to live her life the way she wants to, not they way her male authorities tell her to. A childhood friend of Nora's, Mrs. Linde, shares many of the same qualities. Both women have been having recent financial problems. Nora even mentions that she had to find a job as well as Mrs. Linde. She states, "Yes; odds and ends, needlework, crochet-work, embroidery, and that kind of thing (Ibsen 360)." She says this as if she is disgusted by the fact that she must work to...

Moving Away at a Young Age Essay -- Personal Narrative Moving Essays

Moving Away at a Young Age Moving far away from family and friends can be tough on a child at a young age. It has its pros and cons. One learns how to deal with moving away from the people they love and also learn how to deal with adjusting to new ways of life. Everything seems so different and at a young age one feels like they have just left the whole world behind them. That was an experience that changed my life as a person. It taught me how to deal with change and how to adjust. It developed me from a young boy into a mature young man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The day I moved away, a lot of things were going through my young mind. As I took my last look at my home, I remembered all the fun times I had with my family and friends through out my life. Now I was moving 800 miles away from all of that with no insight on what lied ahead for me. As my family and I drove away from our Michigan home, I looked out the window wondering what Virginia would be, and what my friends were doing. A lot of things were going through my mind at the time. At the time my main worry was if I would make any friends, and how I would adjust to everything. During the whole drive down, my mother would often let me know that everything would be all right and I would like it. Trying to be strong and hold back my tears, I just shook my head no, wondering why we had to move so far away. Life would be different for me and I knew it would. Adjusting to an atmosphere and new people had its ups and downs. Everybody ta...

How significant was Che in the Cuban Revolution

How significant was Che in the Cuban Revolution . I am researching about a great figure Ernesto Guevara, the Argentine revolutionary doctor, who is known in the world as Comandante Che. Seen in the world as a T-shirt, hero, a symbol of liberty, a man that absorbed the borders in order to fighter for the poor and oppressed workers. He Earned all that fame because of his important contribution in the the Cuban Revolution, from 1953-1959 and in the revolutionary government until 1965 which I will cover. In this research I will use Che’s personal writings in which he reported everything in his life, newspaper information because as a symbol newspaper wanted to find everything that he did during the Cuban Revolution, and also I need information told by his comrades who saw him first-handed about what he did. Part B: Summary of Evidence MAIN IDEA 1: Importance in Guerrilla BattlesSupporting inside informations: Che lead a little guerilla unit that liberated a cardinal metropolis of Gabaiguan. [ 1 ]He assisted with the Cuban Revolution and was instrumental in developing people to defy the invasion of the United States in the Bay of Pigs invasion. [ 2 ]Without Che’s part particularly in Santa Clara and Bay of Pigs we the Cuban Revolution would hold lasted longer or it may non hold win. [ 3 ]We may non speak about a Cuban Revolution without Che’s part to it. [ 4 ]MAIN IDEA 2: Santa Clara battleWe with merely 340 work forces won the battle in Santa Clara against 3000 soldiers with every type of instrument of decease and putted an terminal at Batista’s government. [ 5 ]By May 1958, Guevara was virtually second-in-command of the big group of revolutionists that had gathered around Castro in the Sierra Maestra ( history 1990s ) [ 6 ]Che has to take the recognition for the triumph of Cuban Revolution as he was the 1 who fought in Santa Clara as Fidel was in the mountains. Che won the impossible battle and made Batista leave the state. After he won he called Fidel and said to him that the Road is unfastened for Havana2MAIN IDEA 3: With CompanerosHe had no scruple in confronting an enemy with immensely superior strength, and besides his unbelievable bravery, the guerillas could number on a leader with an extraordinary sense of tactics and scheme ( Interview of Che’s Companero ) [ 7 ]He exuded a sense of security and assurance that made the military personnels he led feel supported at all times, even in hard fortunes ( Remembering Che )1During the twenty-four hours he was the unmerciful disciplinarian, intolerant of failing and inspiringly confident. In the eventide he taught tactics and the usage of arms, read to his work forces organize Cervantes, Robert Louis Stevenson and the Venezuelan novelist ( and ex-president ) Romulo Gallegos, or recited Pablo Neruda’s Communi st Poetry from memory. As they proved themselves in conflict, his work forces proudly christened themselves â€Å"Che’s Suicide Squad† . [ 8 ]Che proceeded to Cuba’s foremost true, peasant based revolution. Che proceed to nationalise cuba’s industry and agribusiness8The step of Che ‘s competency is the fact that it was he who led the military action that eventually overturned Batista. Thrusting out of the sheltering Sierra Maestra, he led his men—perhaps 150—boldly through the canebrakes and swamps of Camaguey state, contending toward Cuba ‘s bosom. Batista ‘s forces blasted off with combatant planes, armored combat vehicles and machine guns, but could non halt Che ‘s work forces. When they swept into Santa Clara, in cardinal Las Villas state, Cuba was cut in two, and Batista boarded a plane for expatriate.8Che except than a Comandante was besides a physician and a instructor to his squad [ 9 ]When they heard gunshot from a little aeroplane that was bombing the town they retreated [ a group of Rebels ] . Che responded instantly, telling the military personnels to remain and contend. He grabbed a machine gun and started firing. More than anything, his action was symbolic he helped get the better of the terror.1MAIN IDEA 4: Che as Castro’s BrainGuevara provided Castro with broader skylines, a wider reading list, an penetration into other radical experiments and considerable first-hand cognition of Latin America. ( Cuba-Book )Castro rapidly made him from a physician to a Commander ( Comandante Che )He allowed Fidel to take recognition for Guevara ‘s achievements, he carefully contusing the monolithic Castro self-importance. ( Time )He convince Castro to Communism with competency, diplomatic negotiations and forbearance.When grenades were needed, Che set up a mill to do them. When staff of life was wanted, Che apparatus ovens to bake it. When new recruits needed to larn tactics and subj ect, Che taught them. When a school was needed to learn provincials to read and compose, Che organized it. ( Time [ Besides in Companeros ] )Che encouraged Castro ‘s leftism, planted the seeds of a deep-cutting and basic grab for power. [ 10 ]In November Fidel eventually turned Cuba ‘s economic system over to Che by calling him to run the National Bank, which in add-on to moving as Cuba ‘s cardinal bank and bank of issue controls foreign trade.8Che has increased Cuba ‘s foreign exchange militias from $ 50 million to $ 196 million8Guevara had ab initio come along as the force’s physician, but he had besides trained in arms use, and he became one of Castro’s most-trusted Plutos. Indeed, the complex Guevara, though trained as a therapist, besides, on juncture, acted as the executioner ( or ordered the executing ) of suspected treasonists and apostates.9Part B: Summary of Evidence ( Continued ) SUMMARY REFLECTION QUESTIONS:Do all of the facts straight relate to replying your research inquiry?Did you mention uncommon cognition? Is your commendation from legion beginnings?Is your information particular and free of analysis?Part C: Evaluation of Sources [ 1 ]To gain an Ad:Approx. 250-400 words ( 125-200 words each )Beginning–who, when, where beginning was createdAim– province why your beginning was createdValuess– explain why the beginning and intent aregood intelligencefor your probe ; explain why youtrustthis writer and his/her grounds for making the beginning ; reference the text and its beginningsRestrictions– explain why the beginning and intent arebad intelligencefor your probe ; explain why youmake nontrustthis writer and his/her grounds for making the beginning ; reference the text and its beginningsV & A ; L– These subdivisions may non stop up being balanced. One side of the statement may be greater than the otherDO NOTusage any ency clopaedia or WikipediaDO NOTusage children’s booksDO NOTuse general info web sites ( like history.com )YOU SHOULD USE: academic articles, books from commissioned historians/authors, primary beginnings, newspaper articles, web sites that have an writer and mention their infoCitation of 1stBeginning:Che Guevara on revolution ( Che Talks to immature people ) The beginning of this beginning is a book written by Che Guevara and Mary-Alice Waters. The book contains primary beginnings such as addresss of Che’s, image and besides contains secondary beginnings such as Che’s life and historical context of the addresss. The book was published in 2000 in USA from the University of Wisconsin Madison. The writer is believable because he is Che who had lived the Cuban Revolution and had taken portion as a leader and wants to inform the people of Cuba for the difficult times they passed in order to subvert Batista. The beginning is valuable because the writer took portion in the facts that he is speaking about and besides it contains primary beginnings in which we can see and read the poignancy and the feelings. The beginning is restricting because the addresss have been given in a Spanish linguistic communication and the book is written in English and during the interlingual renditions a significance or a few feelings may hold been lost. The intent of this beginning is meant for the populace to read the addresss that Che gave about Cuban revolution and the battles they won O in order to subvert the absolutism. Besides the book contains history context about the battles and Che’s part to them The intent is helpful because Che was seeking to inform immature people about the troubles of subverting the dictator. The intent is restricting because there may be some prevarications as Che was seeking to act upon them to communism and communist leaders used to lie. But it is valuable because it is checked by a university. This beginning helped me understand more about my research inquiry and besides helped me to acquire thoughts of how to reply it. Citation of 2neodymiumBeginning:Cuba: Castro ‘s Brain – Time This beginning is a secondary beginning magazine written by HP-Time.com and it was published by Time magazine in August 8, 1960 in the USA. This is a believable beginning because it is originated from Time magazine 1 # most read magazine in the universe which is seeking to inform people of all the states what is go oning around them. The beginning of this beginning is valuable because it is written by a universe magazine which tries to inform people and does non desire to state a batch of prevarications because it will lose readers. The beginning is restricting my research because it is coming from 1960 a twelvemonth which Cold War was traveling on and the US that this beginning is originated and Cuba were in a war and some information may be inaccurate because of the deficiency of beginnings because Americans could non acquire into Cuba. The intent of this beginning is to inform people about Fidel Castro’s encephalon who was Che and how of import he was in Cuban Revolution to be named as Castro ‘s encephalon. The intent is helpful because it tried to demo how of import was Che in the Cuban revolution. The intent is restricting my research because it may incorporate propaganda in order to demo that communist leaders are bad as US was in a war with them. This beginning helped me see different position of the state of affairs go oning to Cuba and how non Cuba’s viewed the state of affairs. Part C: Evaluation OF SOURCES REFLECTION QUESTIONSDid you take your two strongest beginnings?Did you to the full explicate how the beginning was used in your research and its value in replying your research inquiry?Part D: AnalysisTo gain an Ad:Approximately 500-650 wordsMerely utilize the facts you found in Part BHistorical Context– Explain other of import events were traveling on in your country/around the universe at the clip of your subject that may hold had an impact on or been impacted by your subjectSignificance– You must incorporate an analysis of the author’s statements into this subdivision ; explicate how the values and restrictions of the writers in Part C helped or ache your investigation/conclusionsDifferent Interpretation– explicate how person else might reply your research inquiry and whyExamination– answer the inquiry utilizing your factsAll facts used must be cited to the beginning and writer they are fromHISTORICAL CONTEXT: What o f import events were traveling on in your country/around the universe at the clip of your subject that may hold had an impact on or been impacted by your subject? In 1956 the twelvemonth in which Che became a member of the Cuban revolution, In Cuba dictator Batista had created a state Eden for rich Americans while the Cuban citizens lacked of money and nutrient. That made the Cubans unhappy and wanted by every mean to subvert him. Around the universe Cold war was traveling on. USSR was seeking to distribute communism doing revolutions in different states while US wanted by every mean to halt it. That state of affairs created proxy wars in about every state. Explain the significance of the beginnings from Part C to replying your research inquiry:Write critical remarks on the grounds from those beginnings and how they answer your research inquiry. Make certain you cite your information. Critically discuss the author’s statements from those beginnings and how they influenced your conclusion/answer to the research inquiry. In the book â€Å"Che negotiations to immature people† there are some addresss that Che gave to immature people which some of them involved Che’s memories about the manner to subvert dictator Batista. Che in those addresss negotiations about his experiences and the determinations that they had to do. Che gives his side of the narrative and believes that everything that he did was right. In the other manus the information from a US magazine which are from a state that did non desire Communism and assist Che’s enemies with gun and money, they give information about Che’s importance and accomplishments but besides they criticize some of his Acts of the Apostless which they think they are incorrect doing him non look so good in the reader ‘s eyes. This two beginning give you different positions of what happened and leting you to look both sides of the narrative. Critical scrutiny of one reply to your research inquiry, establishing it off of the grounds you provided in Part B.This is where you Show how all the small inside informations in portion B come together to make a bigger image.Show: cause-effect relationships, underlying premises, and interrelatednesss between the facts. Che’s significance in the Cuban revolution is in really high extend as first of all he was a physician, a combatant and a commanding officer [ 11 ] . He was the adult male that would make everything in field and out of field, out of field When grenades were needed, Che set up a mill to do them. When staff of life was wanted, Che apparatus ovens to bake it. When new recruits needed to larn tactics and subject, Che taught them. When a school was needed to learn provincials to read and compose, Che organized it [ 12 ] . Che educated his adult male learning them how to read and compose and giving them books. He exuded a sense of security and assurance that made the military personnels he led feel supported at all times, even in hard fortunes even when aeroplanes were bombing them. In the field he was the cat that took every mission despite how unsafe it was. Che won the Santa Clara battle with merely 340 work forces when the enemies where 3000 while Fidel who was the leader of revolution was non even at that place. He was the adult male that got Batista out-of Cuba and proceeded to Cuba ‘s first and true provincial based revolution. He did care about taking the credits of his win and part because he didn’t do it for himself but he did for the people, and allow Fidel take the recognition for him. He was the adult male that convinced Fidel to be a Communist. When the radical authorities was established Che became the president of the National bank. He increased Cuba’s exchange from 50 million $ to 196 million. Che was the most of import in the Cuban revolution as he helped in every field and without him the Cuban revolution would hold lasted much longer or it may non hold succeeded. Critical scrutiny of a different reading, a different reply to your research inquiry. Discuss critically how person may be able to look at your grounds and see different connexions, make different premises. Again, discuss cause-effect relationships, underlying premises, and interrelatednesss between the facts. Che was a great commanding officer and really important in the Cuban Revolution and no 1 can reason his importance. But despite that his significance made Cuba a communist state by act uponing his companions and Fidel. That significance which was great subsequently was non so good as the people lost their right in vote and right in democracy by the constitution of the â€Å"Dictatorship of the Proletariat† . Che’s significance in emancipating and liberating people became significance of doing them lose their rights. Analysis Reflection Questions:Did you rewrite your Part B with more item? ( If so, ERASE IT ) i?SDid you critically analyze your subject, grounds and historical context to turn out your reply?Did you critically show the significance of different sentiments on your subject?Did you mention your beginnings?Part Tocopherol: DecisionTo gain an Ad:Approximately 150-200 wordsWrite the reply or decision to the original research inquiryMay, include your concluding judgement on the two beginnings you evaluated – this means to depict whether the beginnings you used are good plenty to go on utilizing them for farther research if necessaryDOES NOTstarts with â€Å"In conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Answer to your research inquiry( This may non stop up being the reply you wanted ) : Che was truly really important in the Cuban revolutions as he was the 1 who lead in and out the field. In the field he was the 2nd in bid who won the most of import battle holding a disadvantage of more than 2000 work forces. He was the 1 who was besides foremost in line and and gave bravery to his work forces. The 1 who guided Fidel and he whose ideas Cuban economic system achieved the top. How your grounds proves your reply: The grounds prove his significance because most of them are facts that happened and his companions write about how much helped them. Besides in Che’s Hagiographas he wrote what happened without seeking any peculiar esteem. Besides the newspaper articles who wrote about Cuban Revolution saw his importance besides and articles and books were written in his name. Part F: List of BeginningsTo gain an Ad:Word count for entire paper: 1500-2000 wordsDoes non number headers, rubrics, or footersUsed at least 6-10 beginningsStrong and believable: with a known writer, from a believable organisation, an academic diary, a historian, etc.Bibliography – List all beginnings you used in alphabetical orderFull commendation information for your beginning in Chicago/Turabian StyleLeave a infinite between each beginningDo non utilize slug points1stline of beginning flower left, any line after that indentedStandard data formatsystem used throughoutChicago/TurabianNo mentions to Wikipedia, Encarta, Wordbook, Grolier’s, or other encyclopaediaNo mentions to GoogleDosal, Paul J. Comandante Che: Guerrilla Soldier, Commander, and Strategist, 1956-1967. University Park, Pa. : Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003. HP-Time.com. â€Å" CUBA: Castro ‘s Brain – Time. † August 8, 1960. Mottas, Nicolas PhD. â€Å" I? I I ¬  © Guevaristas. † I? I I ¬  © Guevaristas. October 3, 2011. Accessed May 10, 2015. Translated in English from Greek by Dimitri Zografi Guevara, Che. Che Talks to Young People. New York: Scout, 2000.â€Å"I? I ­ ( From Ernesto to Che ) † , produced in 2002 for the Grecian province telecasting show, Athens Greece. Translated in English from Greek by Dimitri Zografi.â€Å"Interview with Castro† interviewed by in 1998. Torre, Aleida, and Pilar Aguilera. Remembering Che: My Life with Che Guevara. Havana, 2012.